348 EUPHORB1ACE.E. 



It is called the ' Belgauin Walnut/ and is so called from the nuts resembling the walnut 

 in flavour. These nuts contain about 50 per cent of oil, which is extracted and used for 

 food and for burning. In M. Sebert's ' Notice sur les bois de la Nouvelle Caledonie,' 

 the wood is said to be white, soft, light and of bad quality, and to have a mean weight 

 of 38 Ibs. per cubic foot. A. cordata, Mull. Arg., is found in Nepal. Agrostistachys 

 indica, Dalz. ; Beddome ccv. ( A. longifolia, Kurz ii. 377) is a small evergreen tree 

 of the Western Ghats, Ceylon, Burma and the Andamans. Sarcoclinium longi- 

 folium, Wight ; Beddome ccv., is a small tree of the Nilgiri Hills and Ceylon, from 

 4,000 to 6,000 feet. Sumbavia macrophylla, Mull. Arg , Kurz ii. 376, is an ever- 

 green tree of the tropical forests of Burma. Of Ccelodiscus, Kurz describes 5 

 new species from Burma, all shrubs. Ccelodepas calycinum, Beddome ccvii. t. 320. 

 Vern. Kdtpira, is a small hard-wooded tree of the Tiunevelly Hills. Cephalocroton 

 contains 2 species : C. leucocephalus, Baill. ; Beddome ccvi., of the Nilgiris ; and 



C. indicus, Beddome t. 261, a moderate-sized tree of the Western Ghats, said to give 

 a good building timber. Of Symphyllia 2 species are found : S. mallotiformis, 

 Mull. Arg. ; Beddome ccvii., in the Nilgiris ; and S. silhetana, Baill. ; Kurz ii. 378, in the 

 Khasia Hills, Eastern Bengal and Tenasserim. Claoxylon contains 3 and 

 Acalypha 1 (A. fruticosa, Forsk.) shrub of the forests of Burma. Tragia contains 

 2 and Cnesmone 1 (C. javanica, Bl.) climbing shrubs of Burma. Alchomea 

 contains 3 shrubs: A. mollis. Mull. Arg., of Nepal; A. rugosa, Mull. Arg., of 

 Tenasserim and the Andamans, and .4. tilicefolia, Mull. Arg. ; Kurz ii. 386; Gamble 

 71, of Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, Sylhet, Tenasserim and the Andamans. Cleidion 

 Javanicum, Bl. ; Beddome t. 272 ; Kurz ii, 390 ; Gamble 70, is a tree of Northern and 

 Eastern Bengal, South India and Burma. 



Bennettia Wallichii, R. Br. (G-alearia Wallichii, Kurz ii. 407) and Microdesmis 

 casearicefolia, Planch. ; Kurz ii. 408, are small trees of the forests of Tenasserim. 

 Manihot utilissima, Pohl. ; Kurz ii. 408. Vern. Pulu pinan myouk, Burm., is a shrub 

 of tropical America, introduced and cultivated in Burma. It yields ' the manioc', or ' cas- 

 sava'meal and ' tapioca.' Trigonostemon contains about 6 species, the chief of which is 

 T. Lawianus, Nimino ; Beddome t. 273, a small tree of the Western Ghats and Ceylon. 

 Codiceum contains 4 species : C. umbellatum, Mull. Arg. ; Beddome ccxiii. of the 

 Western Ghats, one species in Burma and two in the Andaman Islands. This genus 

 gives the ornamental variegated-leaved plants called ' Crotons,' now so much cultivated in 

 Indian gardens. Mischodon zeylanicus, Thw. ; Beddome t. 290. Vern. Tamana, 

 Cingh., is a handsome large tree of Ceylon, with good timber ; it has been found by 

 Beddome in Tinnevelly. Baliospermum contains 3 undershrubs of Northern and 

 Eastern Bengal, the commonest of which, JB. montanum, Mull. Arg. (Croton poly- 

 andrum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 682; Gamble 70). Vern. Hakun, Hind.; Konda-amadum, 

 Tel ; Poguntig, Lepcha, extends to South India and Burma. 



Dalechampia scandens, Linn. ; Kurz ii. 400, is a climbing shrub of Burma, 

 Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Poir. ; Kurz ii. 418, is a short rather fleshy shrub often 

 cultivated in Burma. Daphniphyllum glaucescens, Bl. ; Beddome ccxvii. t. 288. 

 Vern. Nir-chappay, Burghers, is a handsome tree of the Western Ghats; and 



D. himalayense, Mull. Arg. Vern. Raktchandan, rakt angli-a, Kumaun, is a tree of 

 the Himalaya from Kumaun eastwards and the Khasia Hills found above 5,000 feet 

 altitude. 



Several exotic trees belonging to this family have been introduced, and an attempt 

 made at their cultivation in India Hevea braziliensis, Miill. Arg. ; and other species 

 of Hevea give the Brazilian caoutchouc. That named is the Para rubber, and is now 

 being grown for distribution in the Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, from plants received 

 in 1877. The ' Ceara ' caoutchouc, a species of Manihot, probably M. Gfttzioi-ii, is 

 also being grown The very interesting account of their collection by Mr. Cross may 

 be found at vol. iv, No. 1, p. 5 of the ' Indian Forester' for 1878, and an account of 

 their state on arrival in India in Dr. King's annual report of the Botanic Gardens at 

 Calcutta for the year 1877-78. 



The great majority of the woody Euphorbiaceae the wood of which 

 is here described, belonging 1 to the following genera Antidesma, ac- 

 caurea, BiicAqfi&f Cleistanthus, ExcfJBcaria y Hotnouoya, Jatropha y Lebi- 

 dieropxis, Macaravga, Mallotx8 t Ostodes, Pnlritnjiva, Trewia may. as 

 regards the st.riu-tmv of their wood, be said to belong to one type, which 

 is characterised as follows : 



