Alms.'] BETULACK^J. 373 



Growth moderate, our specimens shew 10 rings per inch of radius ; a round in 

 the Bengal Forest Museum shews 6'5 rings per inch. Weight 41 Ibs. per cubic foot. 

 The wood is very little used, but Wallich says it is hard and esteemed in Nepal for all 

 purposes where strength and durability are required. 



Ibs. 



H 611. Parbatti Valley, Kulu, 8,000 feet 41 



H 2914. Nagkanda, Simla, 8,000 feet 41 



E 2405. Darjeeling, 7,000 feet 



3. B. cylindrostachys, Wall. ; Gamble 80. Under B. acuminata, 

 "Wall, in Brandis For. Flora 458 ; Kurz ii. 476. Vern. Shaoul, Kumaim ; 

 Saner, Nep. ; Swigli, Lepcha. 



A tall deciduous tree. Bark pink, peeling off in large vertical flakes, 

 giving the stem a shaggy appearance. Wood red, bard, beavy. Annual 

 rings indistinct. Pores scanty, small, often subdivided, uniformly dis- 

 tributed. Medullary rays fine, numerous, tbe distance between tbe rays 

 larger than the transverse diameter of the pores. 



Kumaun, Nepal, Darjeeling Hills from the Terai up to 6,000 feet. 



Growth fast, 5 rings per inch of radius. Weight, 52 Ibs. per cubic foot. The wood 

 is strong and seasons well, but is not used except for firewood and charcoal, for which 

 purposes it is very good. It is an extremely handsome tree with drooping branches. 



Ibs. 

 E 678. Bamunpokri, Darjeeling Terai 52 



2. ALNUS, Tournefort. 



Two species. The chief European Alders are A. glutinosa, Linn., with glutinous 

 leaves, and A. incana, Willd., with pubescent leaves. 



Pores small, uniformly distributed, often in radial lines. Medullary 

 rays of two classes, the broad rays composed of numerous fine rays. 

 Medullary patches scanty (common in some of the European species) . 



1. A. nitida, Endl. ; Brandis 460. Vern. Gira, Afg. ; Shrol, saroli, 

 saivdli, rikunra, chdmb, chdpUjpidk, kunsa, kfoidash, niu } koshj rajdn, Pb. ; 

 Pay a udesli, Kumaun. 



A large tree. Bark brown, rough with deep furrows. Wood reddish 

 white, soft, close-and even-grained, tough to cut ; annual rings distinctly 

 marked by harder wood near the inner edge of each ring. Pores small, 

 numerous, uniformly distributed, arranged in radial lines. Medullary 

 rays of two classes, a few broad rays at considerable intervals with 

 numerous fine rays between them ; the broad rays, which consits of a 

 large number of small, closely-packed rays, are marked as irregular 

 shining plates on a radial section. Medullary patches scanty. 



Punjab, Himalaya, ascending to 9,000 feet. 



Growth fast, our specimens shew 3 rings per inch of radius. Weight, 28 to 31 Ibs. per 

 cubic foot. The wood is used for bedsteads and for the hooked sticks of rope bridges. 

 Twigs are used for tying loads and for rope bridges. The bark is used for dyeing and 

 tanning. 



Ibs. 



H 119. Vaziri Rupi, 6,000 feet 28 



H 147. Sain j, Simla, 4,000 feet 31 



2. A. liepalensis, D. Don; Brandis 460 ; Kurz ii. 476 ; Gamble 80. 

 Vern. Kohi, Pb. ; Vdes/i, Kumaun ; Udis, utis, Nep. ; Kowal, Lepcha. 



A large deciduous tree. Bark thick, outside silvery grey, resembling 



