374 BETULACE.E. [Alnus. 



that of the birch. Wood similar to that of A. nitida, but the pores are 

 fewer and somewhat larger, and the broad medullary rays are very broad 

 and very numerous. No medullary patches. 



Himalaya, from the Ravi eastwards, between 3,000 and 9,000 feet, Khasia Hills. 



Growth fast, our specimens shew 3*6 rings per inch of radius ; a round in 

 the Bengal Forest Museum shews 2'4 rings. Aikin, in Wallich's List, men- 

 tions 2 specimens, one giving 11'8 rings, the other 2*7 rings per inch. Weight, 

 27 to 28 Ibs. per cubic foot. The wood is not used, but as the tree is common and grows 

 to a large size in the East Himalaya it might be used for tea-boxes. The bark is used 

 for dyeing and tanning. 



Ibs. 



H 83. The Glen, Simla, 6,000 feet 28 



E 356. Tukdah Forest, Darjeeling, 5,000 feet ... 27 



E 2406. 



ORDER XCVII. SALICINE^l. 



Two genera, Salix and Populus. With one or two exceptions, all Himalayan 

 trees. 



Wood soft, even-grained. Pores small, numerous. Medullary rays 

 fine. 



1. SALIX, Tournef. 



About 33 species, with very few exceptions confined to the Himalaya. They are 

 mostly small, often prostrate shrubs, but in the arid regions of the inner Himalaya are 

 of great use for firewood, bridges, basket-work and other purposes, and are often 

 planted, as their quick growth and ready reproduction, either by cuttings or in coppice, 

 ensures a constant supply of wood. The following list of the Indian species has been 

 extracted from N. J. Anderson's Monograph in vol. xvi., p. 2, of DeCandolle's Pro- 

 dromus. 



The European species of willow, which are very numerous, belong to two sections, 

 the " Sallows," the type of which is S. Caprea, and the " Osiers," the type of which is 

 S. alba. They are largely cultivated, and are in great use for all purposes, and 

 especially for the protection of river banks and for basket-work. 



SECTION I. 



(Stamens 3 or more, free.) 



S. tetrasperma, Roxb ....... All India. 



S. pyrina, Wall ........ Nepal. 



8. c'alostachya, And ....... Hazara. 



S. urophylla, Lindl. ...... Oudh. 



S. populifolia, And. ...... India (?) 



S. acmophylla, Boiss. (Brandis 463. Vern. Bed, Afghanistan, Sind, Pun- 



Afg. ; Bada, bisu, Pb.) jab. 



S. fragilis, Linn ........ Lahoul, Ladak. 



S. alba, Linn. . . ...... Ladak, Kashmir. 



S. babylonica, Linn. ...... Suliman Range, elsewhere 



cultivated. 



SECTION II. DIANDB.E. 



(Stameni 2, free.) 



S. Caprea, Linn. (Brandis 467. Vern. Bedmushk, 



Pb. The leaves are used for sherbet) . . Northern India, cultivated. 



S. Wallichiana, And ....... Himalaya. 



<S'. sderujt/iylla, And ....... Ladak, Dras. 



