378 SALICINEJ;. [Sal'ur. 



numerous pores in the spring wood. Pores small and numerous in the 

 spring 1 wood, very small and scanty in the autumn wood. Medullary rays 

 very fine, very numerous, uniform and equidistant. 



Growth moderately slow, 13 rings per inch of radius. 

 Weight, 31 Ibs. per cubic foot. 



Ibc 

 E 966. Chumbi Valley, Tibet, about 8,000 feet 31 



2. POPULUS, Tournef. 



Five species. P. nigra, Linn. ; Brandis 472. The Black or Lorabardy Pophr. 

 Vern. Sufeda, Pb. ; Frast, Kashmir ; Prost, farsh, makkal, Chenah ; Kramali, 

 biuns, do, Sutlej ; Yarpa, yulatt, kabul, Ladak, is a large tree commonly planted in 

 Afghanistan, Kashmir, the plains and hills of the Punjab, up to 12,500 feet in Ladak. 

 Both varieties are fast growers, the Black Poplar attaining 80 feet in height with a 

 diameter of 2 feet in 50 years. Both grow well from cuttings, and the leaves are 

 lopped for .'cattle fodder. Mathieu, Fl. For. p. 428, gives the weight as 25 to 36 Ibs. 

 per cubic foot. P. alia, Linn.; Brandis 473. The Abele or White Poplar. 

 Vern. Sperdor, spelda, Afg. ; Chitta bagnu, safedar, jant/li frast, fras, prist, 

 rikkan, sannun, chanun, mat, Pb., is a large tree, wild and cultivated in the North-West 

 Himalaya up to 10,000 feet, and extending to Afghanistan, Beluchistan and on into 

 Europe. It is generally raised from cuttings, and the growth is very fast, reaching a 

 diameter of 2 to 3 feet in 50 years. The wood of this and of P. nigra is used for the 

 Afghan grape-boxes. Mathieu, Fl. For. p. 422, gives the weight as 28 to 44 Ibs. per 

 cubic foot. P. tremula, Linn. ; Brandis 474, is the Aspen Poplar of Europe. 



"Wood soft, even-grained. Pores small, numerous, often subdivided, 

 uniformly distributed, except that they are scanty and generally some- 

 what smaller in the autumn wood. Medullary rays very fine, uniform. 

 Medullary patches scanty. 



1. P. euphratica, Olivier ; Brandis 474. Vern. Bahan, Sind, Pb. ; 

 Patki, Brahui ; Hodung, Ladak. 



A large deciduous tree. Bark thick, with irregular, vertical furrows. 

 Sapwood white, heurtwood red, often nearly black near the centre, 

 moderately hard, compact, even-grained. Annual rings marked by a very 

 narrow belt with fewer pores. Pores small, very numerous, uniformly 

 distributed, often subdivided. Medullary rays very fine, uniform, equidis- 

 tant, the distance between the rays equal to the transverse diameter of 

 the pores. 



Banks of the Indus in Sind, the Upper Valley of the Indus, and its tributaries in 



Tibet. 



Growth rapid : Brandis says 3 to 4 rings per inch of radius ; our specimens are evi- 

 dently fast grown, but the rings very difficult to distinguish, they seem to shew about 

 4 to 6 per inch. Weight, our specimens shew 32 to 37 Ibs. per euhie foot, 

 some experiments made at Kandahar by Captain Call, R.E., with bars 1 ft. X 

 1 in. X 1 in. gave the weight 27'2 Ibs. and 427 for tho value of P (Indian Fo- 

 rester, Vol. v. p. 480.) The wood is largely used in Sind for building, 

 turnery, lacquered boxes, 1ml not tor fuel for the river steamers, as its heating 



C3rs are not great. On the Euphrates and Tigris it is used for planking and 

 -building, and in the Punjab Tor the lining of walls. The inner bark is made into 

 gun-match in Sind. and the hark givrn as a vermifuge. The leaves are used for fodder 

 f..r goats and eattlr. In Ladak it is much pri/.rd for fuel. It eoppiees well and 

 nulljirding long; coppice shoots are often usi-il as rafters in Sind. 



ll.s. 



I' B83, Mnltan 32 



I' 13M. Indus bank, Central Sind 37 



