Quercus.'] CUPULIFER.E. 383 



No. E 2464, sent by Dr. Schlich from the Valley of Chumbi, Tibet, between 

 Sikkim and lihutan, is a tree, the lr;ws of \vhicli resemble those of Q. semecarpifulia, 

 bat are smaller and less tomi-nto^; l>(>iir:uli. The wood is light coloured, the | 

 small, surrounded by soit tissue, in long, radial anastomosing bands. Tho wood 

 resembles that of Q. Ilex, which or m-iir which sprru-s it probably is. 



3. Q. Ilex, Linn. ; Brandis 480. Q. Baloot, Griff. Q. Ballota, Desf. 

 The Holm Oak. Vern. Charrei, serei, balut,Atg.; Sperckerei, parydi, 

 kit (ira nja, Trans-Indus ; Chu,r, ke/iarsu, kharen irrl, yi(ru, heru, ban, bre, 

 brekche, Pb. 



A moderate-sized evergreen tree. Bark inch thick, dark grey, tes- 

 selated, and cut into quadrangular plates. Heartwood red or reddish 

 brown, very hard, durable. Pores small, uniform, in irregular anasto- 

 mosing, radial bands. Medullary rays of two classes, numerous, very fine, 

 uniform and equidistant rays, and fewer broad and very brojid rays, the 

 latter consisting of an agglomeration of finer rays ; numerous fine, wavy, 

 concentric rings of softer texture. 



Afghanistan, Suliman Range, arid tracts of the Inner Himalaya, generally between 

 3,000 and 8,500 feet. Westwards to Southern Europe. 



Growth slow, rings uncertain ; if the concentric lines in No. H 1406- are annual 

 rings the growth of that specimen was 70 rings in 4 inches of radius. In 1880 

 in a small forest in the Spingawai Pass in the Kuram Valley, Mr. Bagshawe counted 

 the rings of 8 trees. These trees averaged 85 inches in girth with an average number 

 of 270 rings, or nearly 20 rings per inch of radius. Weight, that of the European 

 tree varies between 60 and 69 Ibs. per cubic foot ; our three specimens give an 

 average of 61 Ibs.. but the third was old wood, having been cut in 1867. Mathieu, 

 Fl. For. p. 325, gives the weight as varying from 55 to 74 Ibs. per cubic foot. The 

 wood warps and twists, but when well seasoned it works admirably and takes a fine 

 polish. It is largely used for tool handles, and pieces are brought from the Suliman 

 Range for that purpose. It is used for agricultural implements, and yields good fuel 

 and charcoal. The branches with prickly leaves are used for fencing, and those 

 without prickles are stored for winter cattle-fodder. The acorns are eaten in France, 

 and the bark is considered of good quality for tanning. 



Ibs. 



H 903. Upper Sutlej Valley, 8,000 feet 62 



H 953. Upper Sutlej Valley, 8,000 feet 68 



H 1406. Suliman Range (Stewart, 1867) 54 



2978. Dalmatia 



4. Q. dilatata, Lindl. ; Brandis 482.; Vern. Zdifi, Kafiristan ; 

 Ban, banji, banchar, barachar, bardin, banni, parungi, chora, kali ring, 

 mdru, mdur, moru, mar g hang, karsh, Pb. ; Moru, tilangsa, kilonj, tilonj, 

 timsha, N-W. P. 



A large tree, changing its leaves yearly in spring at the time of 

 flowering, but not quite deciduous. Bark dark grey, almost black, often 

 with horizontal cracks, peeling off in longitudinal scales. Heartwood 

 reddish grey, with darker streaks, very hard, seasons well and does not 

 warp much, faintly but elegantly marked on longitudinal sections by 

 the medullary rays. Pores small and very small, in groups, patches and 

 irregular radial lines. Medullary rays of two classes, the broad rays 

 more frequent, but narrower than those of Q. incana ; the others are 

 very fine, very numerous, uniform and equidistant. Fine, wavy, concentric 

 bands irregularly distributed. 



Afghanistan, Suliman Range, North-West Himalaya, between 7,000 and 9,000 feet. 



Growth moderate at first, probably slow afterwards ; the annual rings are not 



sufficiently marked for counting. Weight, 61 Ibs. per cubic foot. Major Lang gives 



