384 CUPULIFEIUE. [Quercus. 



P. = 670. The wood is durable, and is used for building, for agricultural implements 

 and jampan poles. The leaves are much lopped for fodder for sheep and goats, and 

 unlopped forests are rare. Near Simla, the chief localities where forests, pure or 

 almost pure, of this tree are seen, are at Mahasu and on the east side of the ridge 

 between Theog and Matiyana. The latter forest contains fine trees, and is very in- 

 teresting. 



The tree coppices well, and reproduces abundantly naturally, but the seedlings, when 

 once established, require light to be let in, or they die off. 



H 935. Hazara, 8,000 feet 61 



H 4. Mahasu, Simla, 8,000 feet 56 



H 40. Mahasu, Simla, 8,000 feet 69 



H 2845. Mahasu, Simla, 8,000 feet 58 



H 2873. Nagkanda, Simla, 9,000 feet 



5. Q. serrata, Thuub. ; Brandis 486. Q. polyantha, Ldl. Vern. 

 Dingriitiang, Khasia. 



A moderate-sized deciduous tree. Bark dark grey, rough when old, 

 light silver grey and shining when young, deeply cleft with vertical 

 fissures. Wood brown, very hard. Annual rings marked by a belt of 

 large, sometimes very large, pores in the spring wood. Pores small ft) 

 moderate-sized, increasing gradually to large and very large to the edge 

 of the spring wood, enclosed in patches or radial wavy groups of soft tissue. 

 Medullary rays of two classes : numerous fine, uniform and equidistant 

 rays and fewer broad, very short rays. Very numerous fine, parallel, wavy, 

 transverse lines. This 'much resembles Q. Qriffithii in structure and also 

 comes near that of the English oak. A Japanese specimen has the same 

 structure, but fche annual rings much more distinctly marked. 



North -East Himalaya and Khasia Hills, from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. 

 Growth, our specimen shews 9 rings per inch of radius. Wood used in Assam for 

 building. In Japan the (t Yamamai " silkworm is raised on its leaves. 



E 3339. Shillong, Assam, 5,000 feet. 



6. Q. lanuginosa, Don ; Brandis 481. Q. lanata,Wal\. Vern. Banj, 

 rianj, rai banj> Kumaun ; Banga, Nep. 



A large, evergreen tree. Bark inch thick. Wood greyish brown, 

 very hard, warps* and splits. Pores moderate-sized, in radial bands. 

 Medullary rays of two classes, the broad rays prominent on a vertical 

 section, giving the wood a handsome, mottled appearance. Numerous 

 wavy, concentric lines. 



Naini Tal and a few other places in Kumaun, between 6,000 and 7,500 feet. Gre- 

 garious, or associated with Q. incana. 



Growth, annual rings not sufficiently recognizable for certainty, but if the lines on 

 our specimen :m> unnual rings, the growth was moderate, 7 rings per inch of radius. 

 "Weight, our specimen gives 55 Ibs. per cubic foot. Wood used for firewood, the leaves 

 for cattle fodder. 



Ibs. 



H 2968. Naini Tal, 7,000 feet 55 



7. Q. incana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 642; Brandis 482. Vern. 1'ari, 

 Salt Range ; li/tin, Hazara; Jtinj,rin, Jhelam; Ban, lanj, I 3 b. ; Bauj, 

 Kumaun. 



A large evergreen tree. Bark dark coloured, rough, with cracks and 

 ires, llrartwood very hard, reddish brown, \\arps and splits. An- 

 nual riugb indistinct. Pores small and moderate-sized, surrounded by 



