Casfanopsis.] CUPULIFER.S. 389 



Nepal, Eastern Bengal, Assam and Cbittagong, ascending to 5,000 f.-.-t. 



Growth apparently faat, about 4 to 6 rings per inch of radius. Weight, Wallich 

 gives 39, our specimens 44 Ibs. per cubic foot. Skinner, No. 40, gpyea W = 35 Ibs., 

 P = 404, but as he gives Theethkaya for the BurinesB name and this species i< not de- 

 scribed from Bunn;i, lie may refer to some other sjiecies. r l'he wood splits well, and is 

 very largely used tor shingles in Darjeeling. It coppices freely, and is often pollarded 

 and the branches burnt for manure. The fruit, is e;iten; it much resembles the 

 filbert, both in shape and in flavour, but has a thinner shell. It is enclosed in a very 

 prickly cup. 



DM. 



E 494. Dalka Jhar, Darjeeling Terai I- 



E 681. Khookloong Forest, 45 



E 1254. Tezpur, Assam 1 1 



2. C. tribuloides, Alph. DC.; Brandis'490; Gamble 79. Castanea 

 iribuloides, Karz ii. 480. Qwercus ferox and Q. armata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 

 iii. 639, 640. Vern. Ttimari, katonj, Kumaun; Musre katus, kotur, 

 chisi, mafcu, shingali, Nep. ; Bar hingori, kanta singar. Ass. ; Dingsaot, 

 Kbasia; Sing bar a } Tipperah; Kanta lal batana, Chittagoug; Kyansa, 

 Barm. 



An evergreen tree. Wood grey, moderately hard. Annual rings 

 marked by darker lines. Pores moderate-sized and large, in long wavy 

 radial lines and bands. Medullary rays numerous, very fine, uniform 

 and equidistant. Numerous fine, wavy, concentric lines. 



South-East Kumaun, Nepal, Eastern Bengal, ascending from the plains to 6,000 

 feet. Chittagong and hills in Burma, above 3,000 feet. 



Growth, apparently very fast, 2 to 3 rings per inch of radius, but the rings are 

 doubtful. Weight, Kyd gives weight 43 Ibs., P = 483, our specimens give 32 to 39 Ibs. 

 per cubic foot. Wallich gives 62, which is much too great unless quite fresh, damp 

 wood wero weighed. The wood is used for planking, and is good and durable ; also for 

 shingles. The fruit is eaten ; it is similar to that of C. indica, but is enclosed in a cup 

 armed with strong, distant, branching prickles. The tree coppices admirably, and 

 with C. indica, Quercus spicata &n& Engelhardtia should be grown wherever firewood 

 and charcoal forests are required, as they often are by planters. 



Ibs. 



E 626. Dulka Jhar, Darjeeling Terai 32 



E 495. Khookloong Forest, 39 



3. C. mfescens, Hook. . and Th. ; Gamble 79. Vern. Dalne katus, 

 Nep. ; Sirikishu, Lepcha ; Hingori, Ass. 



A very large evergreen tree. Wood grey, hard. Annual rings 

 marked by narrow belts of firmer texture. Pores moderate-sized and 

 large, enclosed in soft tissue, arranged in irregular, radial bands and lines. 

 Medullary rays very fine, very numerous, uniform and equidistant, with 

 numerous snort, fine, transverse bars. 



Sikkim Himalaya, from 6,000 to 9,000 feet. 



Growth moderate, 8 rings per inch of radius. Weight, 46 Ibs. per cubic foot. The 

 wood is used in Darjeeling for house-building and other purposes, exactly as that of 

 Quercuspachyphylla, which it very closely resembles. It gives excellent shingles, and 

 is more valuable as planking and posts wherever exposed to wet than o^her species of 

 this genus. The fruit is small, but edible and of good flavour ; it is enclosed in a large 

 cup with long needle-like prickles, longer than those of C. indica. 



Ibs. 



E 354. Kangbul Forest, Darjeeling, 7,000 feet 47 



E 2457. , ,45 



