390 CUPUUFERJE. [Carpinus. 



3. CARPINUS, Tournef. 



Two Indian species. C. faginea, Lindl. ; Brandis 492. Vern. Shirdsh, imar, 

 bijauwi, Pb. ; G4sh, North-Western Provinces, is a moderate-sized tree of the Hima- 

 laya, from the Beas eastward, from 4,000 to 7,000 feet. The Hornbeam of Europe is 

 C. etulus, Linn., generally found in forests of Oak and Beech throughout the 

 greater part of Europe and eastward to Asterabad, south of the Caspian Sea. 



Slow-growing 1 trees, with white wood, without heartwood. Pores 

 small, often in radial lines. Medullary rays fine and broad, the latter 

 consisting- of a number of fine rays closely packed. 



1. C. viminea, Wall. ; Brandis 492 ; Kurz ii. 477. Vern. Charkhri, 

 kdi, Pb. ; I*umne,goria ) cliamkhara'k ) North- Western Provinces; Chukissi, 

 konikath, Nep. ; 



A moderate-sized tree, with grey, compact bark, J inch thick. Wood 

 white, shining, no heartwood, warps in seasoning. Pores small, some- 

 times in short radial lines. Medullary rays of two apparent classes : 

 very numerous, very fine rays ; and broad rays, composed of numerous 

 closely packed, very fine rays. 



Himalaya, from the Ravi eastwards, from 5,000 to 7,000 feet, often near water. 

 Martaban Hills at 5,000 to 6,000 feet. 



Growth moderately slow, Brandis says 10 rings per inch, our specimen shews the 

 same. Weight, 50 Ibs. per cubic foot. The stem is irregular in section like that of 

 the European Hornbeam, which it much resembles both in bark and wood, and in 

 general appearance. 



lb. 

 H 3098. Sipi, Simla, 6,500 feet . 60 



4. CORYLUS, Tournef. 



Two Indian species. The European Hazel is C. Avellana, Linn., found in Eng- 

 land, France and eastwards to the Caucasus and Asia Minor. 



Wood soft, even-grained, light-coloured. Pores very small. Medul- 

 lary rays of two classes, the broad rays being composed of numerous fine 

 rays. 



1. C. ferox, Wall. ; Brandis 494 ; Gamble 79. Vern. Curri, Nep. ; 

 Langura, Bhutia. 



A small tree. Wood pinkish white, moderately hard, even-grained. 

 Pores very small, generally in short, radial lines, not very numerous. 

 Medullary rays of two classes : fine and very broad, the broad ones numer- 

 ous and, as in C. Colurna, composed of an agglomeration of fine rays. 



Nepal, Sikkim, 8,000 to 10,000 feet. 



Growth slow, 18 rings per inch of radius. Weight, 38 Ibs. per cubic foot. The 

 fruit is covered with a very prickly cup, the kernel is edible. 



Ibs. 

 E 376. Tonglo, Darjeeling, 9,000 feet 38 



2. C. Colurna, Linn. ; Brandis 494. C. lacera, Wall. Vern. Vrni, 

 Jhelam ; Winri, wiri, warawi, wuriya, thangi, thankoli, Kashmir and 

 Chamba ; Jangi, Chenab ; Shurll, sharoli, banpdlu, gehj ban dilla, Sutlej ; 

 Kapasi, bhotia bad&m, Kumaun. 



A moderate-sized tree, with thin, dark-grey bark. Wood pinkish 

 white, moderately hard. Annual rings distinctly marked by narrow 

 belt of firm wood, with few pores inside the outer edge of each ring 



