400 CONIFERS. [Cedrus. 



Wood resinous, with a distinct heartwood, somewhat more homoge- 

 neous than that of Pmus and Abies, but consisting of alternate layers of 

 softer spring wood, and harder autumn wood. The resin is found in 

 parenchymatic wood cells with horizontal ends. 



1. C. Deodara, London; Braudis 516. Pinns Deodara, Roxb. Fl. 

 Ind. iii. 651. Deodar, Himalayan Cedar. Vern. Nakhtar, Imanza, 

 Afg. ; Didr, deodar, dedwar, daddr, Hazara, Kashmir, Garhwal, Kumauu ; 

 Paludar, Hazara ; Kelu, keoli, kilar, kilei, Chenab to Jumna ; Kelmang, 

 Kunawar; Giam, Tibet. 



A very large and tall tree. Bark greyish brown, with numerous 

 shallow, vertical fissures, which run into each other and present a reticu- 

 late appearance. Heartwood light yellowish brown, scented, moderately 

 hard. In each annual ring the outer belt of firmer and darker coloured 

 tissue is generally narrow, and the inner belt is not very soft, but in 

 exceptional cases and under certain conditions, which have not yet been 

 studied, the inner belt is soft and spongy (e.g. H 617). This peculiarity 

 has nothing to do with the rate of growth or with the altitude, as fast- 

 grown trees possess hard tissue in the spring wood. Medullary rays fine 

 and very fine, unequal in width. No vertical resinous ducts, as in Piuus, 

 but the resin exudes from cells which are not visible to the naked eye. 

 On the edge of certain annual rings are frequently found concentric 

 strings of dark-coloured pores or intercellular ducts, which are prominent 

 on a vertical section as dark lines, and in the viciniiy of which the wood 

 is sometimes more resinous. 



North-West Himalaya, between 4,000 and 10,000 feet, extending east to the Dauli 

 river, a tributary of the Alaknanda below the Niti Pass. Mountains of Afghanistan 

 and North Beluchistan. 



In common with most species of the Order, the Deodar has well marked annual 

 rings which, there is little, if any, reason to doubt ; each represent the growth of a year. 

 More information has, perhaps, been collected on the subject of the rate of growth of 

 Deodar than of any other species of Indian tree, though we have as yet no such com- 

 plete series of trees of known age to deal with as were available at Nilambur for the 

 question of the rate of growth of Teak. The geographical range of Deodar, especially 

 in altitude, is very wide, and this circumstance, considering that some specimens may 

 be obtained from sheltered places in comparatively warm valle} r s, while others come 

 from exposed and high situations, makes it doubtful whether much value can be 

 attached to general deductions from data collected from many quarters, and whether 

 it should not usually be the practice to take only for use in any forests, the experiments 

 made on trees in that or neighbouring localities. But the experience we have hitherto 

 gained is very valuable, and it will be best to put together the items of information 

 available. In Brandis' Forest Flora of North- West and Central India, pp. 520 to 

 524, a large amount of information is collected, to which reference ran he made. It is 

 there stated that the Deodar forests may be classified in three great divisions, viz.: 



I 8 t t Those in a dry climate in the vicinity of the arid zone of the inner 



Himalaya, having usually the age of trees 6 feet in girth above 



140 years. 

 2nd. Those in the intermediate ranges and valleys, having 6 feet in girth 



for an age of between 110 and 140 years. 

 3rd. Those in the outer ranges under the full influence of the monsoon and 



having the age of trees 6 feet in girth usually below 110 years. 



This is exemplified by an important table given at pag.- D of the " Report on the 

 Deodar Forests of llussahir, ISO-V \viiieh is here reproduced, and which gives the 

 insinuation cnlleeted by Messrs. JJnuidis, Stewart and Wood in their travels of that 

 in the fc>utl-j Valley. 



