410 CONIFERS. 



1. L. Griffith!!, Hook. f. and Th. ; Brandis 531 ; Gamble 83. Vern. 

 Boargasella, Nep. ; Sah, saar, Sikkim. 



A deciduous tree, with reddish brown bark, inch thick. Heart wood 

 red. Inner zone of each annual ring 1 soft and spongy, outer zone nar- 

 rower, firm and shining. Resinous ducts scanty, large. Medullary rays 

 fine and extremely fine, numerous, prominent on a radial section. 



Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, between 8,000 and 12,000 feet. 



Growth, our specimen shews 21 rings per inch of radius ; its weight is 32 Ibs. per 

 cubic foot. The wood is considered durable, and is exported from Sikkim into Tibet. 

 Hooker in Himalayan Journals, ii, p. 44, says that he never saw the wood to be red 

 but always white and soft. Our specimen, however, is red and closely resembles the 



wood of the European Larch. 



Ibs. 



E 969. Chumbi Valley, Tibet, about 10,000 feet ..... 32 



5. CUPRESSUS, Linn. 



One indigenous Indian species, three others generally cultivated. C. glauca, Lain. 

 Brandis 534, is cultivated in gardens in Western India above Ghat. 



Wood homogeneous, fragrant, the firm belt of autumn wood very 

 narrow. Resin is found in parenchymatic cells with horizontal ends. 



1. C. tornlosa, Don ; Brandis 533. The Himalayan Cypress. Vern. 

 Devi-didr, Ravi; Deodar, Kulu, Bhajji ; Gullet, gulrai, kallain, Simla ; 

 Leauri, Jaunsar; Raisalla, sarai, Kumaun ; Sarru, surah-iiyu, Tibet. 



A large tree. Bark \ inch thick, brown, the outer layer peeling oft 

 in numerous long, narrow, thin strips, inner substance reddish brown. 

 Heartwood light brown with darker streaks, very fragrant, moderately 

 hard. Annual rings distinctly marked by a narrow, firm and dark 

 coloured belt on the inner edge. Numerous intermediate, deceptive but 

 not continuous, rings. Medullary rays very fine and extremely fine, 

 very numerous. No vertical resinous ducts similar to those in pines ; 

 the resin is here contained in parenchymatic wood cells similar to those 

 which form the tissue of the wood. 



Outer ranges of North-West Himalaya, from Chamba to Nepal, scattered and in 

 numerous isolated localities of greater or less extent, chiefly on limestone, between 

 5,500 and 9,000 feet. 



Growth slow. Stewart records twelve to eighteen rings per inch of radius; our 

 specimens shew : H 613 nine rings, H 61 thirteen rings and H 771 fourteen rings 

 )>er inch of radius. The average weight of our specimens is 39 Ibs. per cubic foot. 

 The wood has been much used at Nairn Tal for building, and is sometimes used lor beams 

 on the Ravi and Sutlej. In Kulu it is made into images, and is used for the pole* 

 which carry the sacred ark. It is often burnt as incense in temples. 



Ibs. 



II 30. Tika, Simla, 8,000 feet ........ :U 



II (51. Kamlru, Simla, S,(M)( > feet . ...... 12 



H 771. Bel], near Bassii, Chambu, 7,000 feet ..... 3<> 



H 613. Kulu, 7,000 feet ......... 44 



2. C. funebris, Endl. ; Brandis 534; Gamble S3. Vern. 

 tchenden, Bhutia. 



A handsome tree with pendulous branches, and :i fibrous brown bark, 

 often planted in Nepal, Sikkim and Hhutaii near 1em)>les and monas- 

 teries, and in China. Structure .similar to that of C. (unt.ioaa. 



lls. * 



K :*72. Darjeeling HiHs, about 5,500 feet ...... 34 



