4 1 2 co \ i F K i ; . T: . [J?i n ipcrv*. 



2. J. excelsa, M. Bieb. ; Brandis 53cS. The Himalayan Pencil Cedar. 

 Vern. Apurs, Beluchistan ; Chalai, Jhelarn ; Sk&kpa, shur, shuryu, lewar, 

 Chenab and Sutlej ; Lnir, Ravi ; Shurbuf-a, shurgu, shukpa, Tibet ; D/nip, 

 paddm, padmak, surgi, N-W, P.; Dhupi, dhupri chandan, shukpa, Nepal. 



A moderate-sized tree, with thin, reddish brown, fibrous bark, peeling 

 off in thin, longitudinal flakes. Sapwood white, heart wood red, very 

 fragrant, often with a purplish tinge. Annual rings marked by a narrow 

 belt of darker coloured and firm wood on the outer edge. Medullary* 

 rays of two classes, extremely fine and fine, the latter very short. 



Arid tract of the North-West Himalaya and Western Tibet, extending eastward to 

 Nepal, mountains of Afghanistan and North Beluchistan. 



Growth slow, Stewart records sections shewing 24, 40 and 44 rings per inch 

 respectively. Our specimens vary exceedingly: of the two from Lahoul, H 608 shews 

 only 10, while H 139 shews as many as 59 rings; of the remainder, H 163 from 

 Hazara shews 20, H 772, 15 and H 906 43 rings ; the last, however, was evidently cut 

 from a small, much stunted, tree. Weight, Brandis gives 25 to 371bs. per cuhic foot, 

 Wallich 34'5, our specimens average 32 Ibs. The wood is used in Quetta and Khehit 

 for house-building, also mixed with stone for the walls of houses in Lahoul. Some 

 of the temples in Kunawar are built of it, and it is there made into drinking cups and 

 walking sticks. At Leh it is largely used as fuel, and is sometimes made into charcoal. 

 It is burnt for incense in Kunawar, and is sometimes exported for that purpose. 



Ibs. 



H 163. Haznra, 7,000 feet .... 32 



H 772. Barmur, Ravi, 7,000 feet 



II 906. Upper Chenab Valley. 8,000 feet 



H 139. Lahoul, about 8,000 'feet . 



H 608. 



34 



34 



29 



3. J. recurva, Ham.; Brandis 536; Gamble 83: The Weeping 

 Blue Juniper. Vern. Wetyar f btttar, clinch, Ihelu, p/wln, Pb. ; Bettir, 

 bhedara, biflelganj, thelu, phnln, jhora, guggal, bil, urii, agani, N.-W. P.; 

 Tnpi, Nep.j Pdma, Tibet; Desc/ni, chakbu, Sikkim. 



A moderate-sized tree. Bark thin, peeling off in long" fibrous 

 strips. Sapwood vvbite, heartwood light red, very fragrant. Structure 

 similar to that of /. excelsa, except that the short broader medullary 

 rays are wanting. 



Sikkim and Bhutan, 9,000 to 12,000 feet. 



Growth slow. No. E 2438 was cut from a log which shewed 167 rings with a mean 

 diameter of 18| inches, or 18 rings per inch of radius ; No. E 374 shews 27 rings. 

 Weight, 38 to 42 Ibs. per cubic foot. The wood is used f..v fuel at high elevations-, 

 and the twigs and leaves are largely exported from Sikkim to be used as imvnsr tt> 

 burn in templet. 



Ihs. 



E 374. Sandmkpho, Barjeeling, 12,000 feet 38 



E 2438. \'2 



H 144, Lahoul, is what is generally called J. rentrva in the North-AYrsfr. 

 Himalaya ; a low procumbent shrub, covering large slopes in the inner arid Himalaya. 

 Heartwood small, reddish, structure similar to that of the Ulue Juniper of .Sikkim. 

 Wright, 47 Ibs. per cubic foot. 



4. J. WallicMana, Hook f. and Th. ; Brandis 537. The Black 

 Juniper. Vern. Tchokpo, Sikkim. 



In the North-West a large shrub, in Sikkim a tree. Hark brown 

 smooth, exfoliating in huge flukes. Wood resembling that of /. escelsa. 



Him:. lava from 9,000 to 15,000 fed from Ihr Indus to Sikkim. 

 H T>7'. Ifulaiig PMHH, Lahoul, 1 2.1 M* Moot. 



