126 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



Umbelliferae. Parsley Family. 



Conium maculatum L. Poison Hemlock. 



Introduced here and there in Iowa and eastward, common in Utah. The 

 plant contains the alkaloids coniin, conydrin, methylconiin, and a bitter 

 principle cicutoxin. A very poisonous plant both to man and lower animals. 



Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. Parsley. 



Some people are suspicious of parsley. Dr. Schaffner states that the seeds 

 are injurious to birds. He reports a case of poisoning of several parrots from 

 eating the leaves of this plant. Cultivated. 



Apium graveolens L. Celery. 



Several cases are known where persons who have handled celery have had 

 a form of dermatitis. Some persons cannot eat celery because a rash forms. 



Cicuta maculata L. Water Hemlock. Cowbane. 



The roots of this plant are very poisonous. The plant is widely distributed 

 in the north, especially in low grounds. The European cowbane, C. virosa, 

 contains the alkaloid coniin, a substance which probably also occurs in our plant 

 The poisonous principle is cicutoxin. 



Cicuta bulbifera L. Bulb-bearing Hemlock. 



The roots of this, and the whole plant are supposed to be very poisonous. 



In swamps and northern states. 



Cicuta vagans Greene. Cowbane. 



Occurs in Washington, Oregon and California. Occasionally said to poison 

 cattle drinking water in which they have trampled roots of this plant, thus ex- 

 pressing the extract. Very poisonous. 



Cicuta Bolanderi A. Gray. 



Found in marshy regions in California. 



Cicuta occidentalis Dougl. Cowbane. 



Found in the Rocky Mountains and considered poisonous. 



Sium cicutaefolium Gmelin. Water Parsnip. 



Common in many parts of the north in low grounds. Said to be poisonous. 



Aethusa Cynapium L. Fool's Parsley. 



A poisonous herb native to Europe, with a disagreeable odor. Possibly 

 occurs in a few places in the state. Contains the alkaloid cynapin and another 

 coniin-like alkaloid. 



Angelica atropurpurea L. Purple-stemmed Angelica. 



Found in low grounds in North and Northeastern Iowa. Possibly poison- 

 ous. Cattle do not relish it. 



Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Coult. & Rose. Cowbane. 



Aquatic herb with white flowers, leaves simple pinnate with 3-9 linenr- 

 lanceolate leaflets. * 



Pastinaca sativa L. Parsnip. 



Persons are often poisoned by handling the plant, which causes inflam- 

 mation and vesication. Mr. F. C. Stewart, in a letter to the writer, states that 

 in one case, the eyes became swollen, vesication occurred from poisoning caused 

 by the flowers. 



Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow Parsnip. 



Supposedly poisonous, although the leaves of the fresh plant are eaten 

 by the Indians. This species is widely distributed in Iowa, especially in rich 

 woods. Contains the bitter principle heraclin. 



