134 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



Scrophulariaceae. Figwort Family. 



Verbascum Thapsus L. Moth Mullein. 



Naturalized on the Atlantic coast and common in Utah and the west. Said 

 to be poisonous. 



Linaria vulgaris Hill. Butter-and-eggs,, Toad Flax. 



A weed, especially northward. Suspected of being poisonous. 



Scrophularia marilandica Gray. Simpson Honey Plant. 



Widely distributed in E. U. S., pastures and woods. Not eaten by stock. 

 According to Millspaugh, the physiological effect of this plant is bleeding of 

 the gums, colic, and sleepiness. Contains a crystalline bitter substance, scrophu- 

 larin. 



Digitalis purpurea L. Purple Foxglove. 



This plant is widely cultivated in the U. S., and naturalized on the Pacific 

 Coast. 



Is poisonous to man and live stock, especially horses. It contains the glu- 

 cosides digitalin, which dilates the pupil ; digitoxin, and digitonin. 



Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl. Slender Gerardia. 



Said to be poisonous to sheep and calves. Probably other species are like- 

 wise poisonous, like G. grandiflora and G. purpurea. 



Pedicularis lanceolata MX. Lousewort. 



Widely distributed in low grounds and swamps. Said to be poisonous. 



Pedicularis canadensis L. Lousewort. 



Widely distributed in the state in gravelly soils and on knolls. Said to be 

 poisonous. Sheep, however, eat large quantities of the P. groenlandica without 

 apparent injuries. 



Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. Mountain Lousewort. 



Common at higher altitudes in swamps. Suspected of being poisonous. 



Melampyrum lineare Lam. Cow Wheat. 



Common in open woods eastern states to Tennessee. The European species, 

 M. silvaticum, is regarded as poisonous in Europe. Our American plant has 

 not, however, been reported. 



Gratiola sp. Hedge Hyssop. 



The European G. offidnalls is said to be poisonous to cattle. Several species 

 common in eastern North America. 



Veronica virginica L.. Culver's Root. 



Common in swamps in eastern North America especially northward. Con- 

 tains saponin. 



Chelone glabra L. Balmony. 



In swamps northern United States. Contains an alkaloid. Suspicious. 



Bignoniaceae. Bignonia Family. 



Catalpa speciosa Warder. Hardy Catalpa. 



Widely cultivated in U. S. Odor coming from the fragrant flowers is 

 poisonous and Dr. White in his Dermatitis Venenata states that the flowers 

 are irritating to many persons. Dr. Millspaugh, on the other hand, states that 

 it is said to be dangerous to inhale the odor of the flowers for a long time, 

 which, however, is probably not generally true. The allied Caroba contains the 

 bitter principle carobin. 



Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Common Catalpa. 



