1893 



CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



you see both ends of the pipe go in opposite 

 sides of tlie barrel. Steam goes through one, 

 and water comes back to the furnace and coil 

 always, when the end of the pipe is covered 

 with water; so if you 1111 the bai'rel one-half or 

 two-thirds full of water once in r.'4 hours, all is 

 well, and water will boil in the barrel if all 

 works right. One great advantage is, this bar- 

 rel of hot steaming water holds the heat, even 

 when ihe tire is very low; and, the top of the 

 barrel being open, gives steam or vapor circu- 

 lating around in the air among the plants, 

 which furnishes moisture, and things grow 

 finely, and of a beautiful dark-green color. 



Now. this barrel of ours was a kerosene-oil 

 barrel, and cost 50 cts. We took out one head 

 and put some straw in the barrel and set fire to 

 it and let it burn till it began to char a little, 

 then tipped it upside down. It will smother 

 out. Now. these (i-inch tile will crack, about 

 half of them, as they start from the furnace; 

 but take a wagonload of old broken brick, or 

 some that are not broken, and some common 

 mortar, and lied and cover the tile with brick 

 and mortar, and you have a safe thing against 

 fire, and a good heat-retainer. We never set 

 up a night to keep fire with this arrangement, 

 and yet never froze our stuff in the greenhouse; 

 and in weather 20" below zero, although the 

 fire would be quite low in the furnace, the mor- 

 tar and brick, and hot water, steam, and all, 

 kept things all right. 



This arrangement will work in any kind of a 

 greenhouse. Of course, I could tell you much 

 better and easier than I can write, how to ar- 

 range to get good draft, etc There are two 

 good things about this way of heating green- 

 houses. First, it is the cheapest way that one 

 can heat, and the best, I think, unless one goes 

 to the great expense of steam-boilers. I have 

 seen some of the greenhouses which are heated 

 by steam boilers, and, as neaily as I can get at 

 the amount of coal they burn to the square 

 foot, we beat it our way. It does not cost ten 

 dollars a year for fuel to run the lOx.HO-foot 

 greenhouse. One reason we have the furnace 

 grates very fine, or close togethi^r, is that, when 

 the weather is mild, we can use quite a lot of 

 €oal dust, which you can buy here for .50 cts. a 

 ton, and sometimes the coal-dealers will give it 

 to you to have it drawn out of the way; and 

 with the fine grates there are no cinders in the 

 ashes. All fine ashes fall through. When you 

 rake out the grates, in this barrel at the further 

 end of the greenhouse you can at any time dip 

 out hot watei- and put it with cold to have it as 

 you wish for watering beds or any other i)ur- 

 posesyou may need warm water for. We had two 

 faucets in the pipe, running tVom the furnace 

 to the barrel — one at the furnace and one at 

 the barrel, so we could draw water at either 

 place without carryi-ig it. The bottom of the 

 barrel should stand a little higher than the coil 

 of pipe in the furnace, so that the water can 

 run from the barrel to the fiirnace. 



Wm. H. Gray. 



Ballston Spa, N. Y.. Aug. :.'.'>. 



GARDENING IN OfroUKK. 



We have just been having a most beautiful 

 rain, and it rained long and slow, so as to soak 

 into the ground very thoi'oughiy. The soil now 

 works most Ix^aulifully, and it really s(^ms as 

 if it had been greatly benefited by the long 

 severe drouth; and the turnips, cabbage, straw- 

 berries, onion-plants, and especially the ccUery, 

 are just booming. I never saw things grow 

 faster. About the first of October, almost (ivery 

 season something seems to give me a wonderful 

 enthusiasm for making things grow. When the 

 leaves are falling and so many things are dying. 



it is just delightful to see hardy plants like 

 wheat, rye, spinach, turnips, etc.. come up and 

 grow as if they knew their lives depended upon 

 getting in every inch of growth possible before 

 winter. Then how delightful it is to stir the 

 mellow soil and give such i)lants encouragement 

 when the air is so cool and invigorating! And, 

 by the way, it begins to be pretty well settled, I 

 believe, that celery grown on upland, or in rich 

 gardens, is nicer and of belter flavor than that 

 from the swamp and muck lands. We have 

 been purchasing celery from the swamps almost 

 all summer, on account of the drouth; but just 

 now we have some most splendid White Plume 

 of our own raising. 



Now, then, what can we plant, and what 

 gardening can we do in October? Well, you 

 can sow rye, anywhere and everywhere, just as 

 fast as a crop is gathered, or as soon as the 

 frost kills tender crops. You can put out win- 

 ter onions if you have not done it already. 

 I do not know of any other things that may be 

 sown in October, in the open ground; but. of 

 course, you can put out radish, lettuce, etc., to 

 be covered with glass when frosts come. Small 

 fruits and fruit-trees, grap(!Vines, etc., may, of 

 course, all be planted in October; but as a rule, 

 I believe my experience would be in favor of 

 spring planting unless it is strawberries; and 

 perhaps you had better not put out strawberries 

 in October unless you know from past experi- 

 ence that you can make it succeed. We are 

 going to put out many thousand duriuff the 

 present month of October, and we do not ex- 

 pect to lose one in a hundred — oftentimes less 

 than one in a thousand. I know many others 

 succeed in fall planting, because we are having 

 considerable orders right along every day. 

 Yesterday we had a telegram for 1000 Jessies. 



One reason why I love the strawberry-plant 

 is because it is so exceedingly hardy, and you 

 can cultivate it and make it grow. You can 

 manure it and make it throw out runners, not 

 only throughout October, but even in Novem- 

 ber; and strawberries often make considerable 

 growth with us in December. No matter how 

 much you push them, the sudden advent of 

 severe freezing does not seem to hurt them a 

 bit. The only thing to De guarded against is to 

 keep the frost from heaving them out by the 

 roots; but even if the frost does heave them 

 out, it does not seem to kill them; for if you go 

 over them in the spring, and put them back 

 down in the ground, they will grow almost as 

 well as if they had not been clear out on top for 

 quite a spell. In fact, you can work for straw- 

 berries, and make garden, almost every month 

 in the year. If you have some choice variety 

 like the Timbrell, that you wish to push '• for 

 all it is worth," by putting them in rich beds 

 and covering them with sash when the weather 

 is severe you can make them keep growing and 

 extending their roots almost every month in 

 the year. 



Trade Notes. 



McINTYRE'S NEW EIGHT-COMB HONEY- 

 EXTRACTOR. 



ONE THAT KUNS ItV WATER POWER, AND HK- 



VEKSES I.\ FUM- MOTION BY CENTHIFl- 



GAL FORCE. 



On page <i:.'<> of Gleanings for 18W, Mr. Mc- 

 I Illy re described an automatic reversible honey- 

 extractor, one that would reverse under full mo- 

 tion. At that lime he had not tested the idea, 

 but he seemed to be very confident that it 



