THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



259 



ing of old age all the while, in any colony, 

 and where many colonies are wintered in 

 any cellar these old bees coming out on the 

 cellar bottom to die, as they always do with 

 the above temperature, make the bottom of 

 the cellar very unpleasant to walk on besides 

 the foul smell from decaying bees is very 

 offensive to me, whether offensive to the 

 bees or not. To overcome this I evenly 

 scatter a two bushel bag of sawdust over the 

 floor every month, which not only keeps 

 down all offensive smell, and prevents 

 crushing the dead bees on the floor but ab- 

 sorbs much of the moisture thrown off by 

 the bees as well. Since using the sawdust 

 as above I can say that I am perfectly satis- 

 fied with my cellar. 

 BoEODiNO, N. Y., Oct. 4, 1892. 



A Pointer for the Manufacturers of Smokers, 



and a Hint Upon the Ventilation of 



Cellars and Buildings. 



8. OOKNEIL. 



ONE of the most 

 important mat- 

 ters in the construc- 

 tion of smokers ap- 

 pears to have been 

 uiissed, both by the 

 editor of the Review 

 and his contributors; 

 I refer to the in- 

 crease in the force 

 of the blast which 

 may be obtained by 

 the induction of air 

 through several tubes before it enters the 

 fire barrel. I shall try to explain. 



If air is blown from the mouth through a 

 tube, say three-eights of an inch in diame- 

 ter, the volume discharged will be simply 

 the quantity driven in by the mouth. But if 

 the current enters another tube, open at both 

 ends, say three-fourths of an inch in diame- 

 ter, the distance between the ends of the 

 tubes being so short that the ivhole current 

 from the smaller tube passes into the larger 

 one, the entire volume of air in the larger 

 tube will be carried forward, and the supply 

 will be kept up by outer air induced to rush 

 in at the "cut off" between the ends of the 

 tubes. In the same way the current from 

 the second tube may enter a third tube still 



uy 



larger, and so on. If the last tube termi- 

 nates in a nozzle, like that of a smoker, the 

 force of the blast will be multiplied nearly 

 as many times as the air has passed through 

 different tubes after the first one. This 

 may be ascertained by directing the current 

 against the wind wheel of an anemometer 

 and comparing the result with that obtained 

 when only one tube is used. 



Apartments are often ventilated on this 

 principle. The flame from a gas jet is 

 turned into the lower end of a small pipe 

 near the floor. The small pipe discharges 

 into a larger one, and this into a still larger, 

 and so on, carrying out of the room a vol- 

 ume of air many times 

 greater than that which 

 passes the smallest pipe. 

 One winter I warmed my 

 bee-cellar by means of a 

 kerosene stove, but, to 

 prevent the vapors and 

 gases produced by the 

 burning oil from poison- 

 ing my bees, and at the 

 same time to keep up a 

 change of air in the cel- 

 lar, I had a sort of cap 

 made, covering the 

 whole upper part of the 

 stove, and terminating 

 in a small pipe; this pipe 

 discharged into a larger 

 one, and this into a still 

 larger, which I conduct- 

 ed to a chimney. In this 

 way I carried from my 

 cellar not only the car- 

 bonic acid and vapor 

 produced by the burning 

 oil, but also much more 

 air than that which pass- 

 ed through the stove. 

 The principle of the in- 

 duced current was pat- 

 ented in 1863 and again 

 in 1865, by Henry A. 

 Gouge. His work on ventilation, published 

 by Van Nastrand & Co., N. Y., illustrates 

 and explains the whole matter. 



Let us now see how this principle may be 

 applied so as to increase the force of the 

 blast in smokers. Recently the bellows of 

 one of my smokers required repairs. Exam- 

 ination showed that it was better to make a 

 new bellows, which I did, and when fasten- 

 ing on the old fire barrel and shield, of the 



y 



V 



