PROCEEDINGS OF THE FARMERS' CLU^. 303 



VINEGAR HOW TO MAKE IT. 



A Tompkins county farmer tells us how he makes cider vinegar. 

 He says : 



" Cider made late in autumn cannot be made into vinegar t)efore 

 the following summer, unless you can keep a regular temperature 

 of seventy or eighty degrees, and to make in a moderately hot 

 cellar, at any time, is next to impossible, as it requires air as 

 well as heat, and any shelter that will protect the casks from the 

 sun is better than a tight building. Casks that will hold from 

 three to four barrels are best; there is less surface to evaporate, 

 and they take up less room than smaller ones. These should be 

 filled at least three-quarters full — say about the first of June. 

 Then provide yourself with a brass or copper kettle that will 

 hold, say fifteen or twenty gallons, and fill it full from each cask; 

 heat it to boiling, and return it to the cask, and repeat this once 

 in two weeks for three months, and you will have good vinegar 

 surely. Good cider that has not been watered in the process of 

 making will bear one-fourth part water and make good vinegar, 

 and quicker." 



Dr. Hawkes. — The rapid process by which vinegar is made of 

 whisky and water is by filtering the liquid through hard wood 

 shavings in a warm room. 



Prof. Mapes. — That makes good enough vinegar for white lead 

 manufacturers, but it has none of the fine aroma of vinegar made 

 from cider or wine, which all. table vinegar should have. The 

 sugar refiners sell the sweet water in which they wash their uten- 

 sils to vinegar makers, and they leach it through beechwood 

 shavings, which is the best of all wood for the purpose, in a room 

 kept at 104* Fah., pumping up and running the liquid through 

 again and again, until it has taken up sufficient oxygen of the air 

 to make it acid enough to sell for vinegar. Some pump air 

 through the leach tubs to facilitate the process, and thus finish 

 it in twelve hours. 



Mr. Trimble, from the committee on frauds, made a further 

 report, treating principally on mock auctions, including those of 

 trees and plants. • 



Mr. Robinson. — As the committee ask instruction, I would 

 recommend that they visit the auctions to be held in this city 

 for the next sixty days — such as sales of plants, trees, &c. 



Mr. Carpenter. — I think a distinction should be made between 



