372 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



What has been the effect of this reaction upon our own Gulf 

 States? Sugar, which cost 12 to 15 cents without the steam 

 engine, is now made for three. And I will venture to say that 

 one solitary man from New Haven has brought this present mis- 

 chief upon our country, by raising the value of the negro from 

 $200 to $1,500; and Whitney may be said to be the maker of 

 about three million negroes, who never would have been born 

 but for his invention. The reaction from our workshops has 

 changed the entire condition of the Gulf States by making them 

 so largely tributary to the cheap clothing of mankind, and the 

 cheap production of rice, sugar, and coffee, to feed all mankind. 

 This reaction of the Northern States upon the Gulf States and 

 the West India islands has probably added more to the popula- 

 tion of the globe than the entire present population of the United 

 States. Population increases not only at the north, but in the 

 non-inventive regions. The machine carries with it the man to 

 tend it, and others to co-operate with him, invites the merchant, 

 draws the ship. It covers the Southern States with a population, 

 one-tenth of which is not native, and which will not be driven out 

 even by this war. What is more, to this Massachusetts regiment 

 which has gone down there to keep the peace along the border, 

 there will happen just what happened to the Grecian general who 

 left 30,000 behind to people the countries to which they went ; 

 just what happened in the Revolutionary war, which carried my 

 grand-father and my father to the banks of the Hudson, and was 

 the occasion of my being born there. We are constantly pushing 

 southward a civilized population, that at first returns in the heat 

 of the summer, but afterwards becomes acclimated and remains 

 there. 



Reacting from our climate, machinery can be made even more 

 effectually in the tropics than here. It can be applied to the 

 production of sugar, cotton, rice, indigo, tobacco, with greater 

 facility than to planting corn or raising wheat. The production 

 of the tropical regions to feed the world, and to contribute to the 

 enjoyment of civilized life of all mankind, when the rail tracks 

 shall have been laid down, when the machinery shall have gone 

 there, is utterly incalculable. 



I look at the present war as being more dependent for its result 

 upon machinery than any war ever was before. Each party has 

 the power to bring to the scene of action in a few days from 

 remote regions, such forces as the world has never dreamed of 



