390 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



belt. The plate then passes roiiiid, coming above the rollers, 

 and the impression is worked off. The apparatus was invented 

 by Mr. Neale. The cost of printing is very much reduced, for 

 the machine can print ten times as many as can be printed by 

 hand labor. 



Mr. Tillman. — Similar attempts have been made in lithographic 

 printing, and have been successful to a certain extent. This is 

 an ingenious machine, and will be useful for many kinds of 

 work ; but I doubt whether work of the best description could 

 be done in the manner proposed. A little human intellect is 

 necessary to regulate the wiping off of the ink to get it precisely 

 right, so that engravings of the highest description must still be 

 printed by hand. 



Mr. Seely stated that this machine was regarded by practical 

 engravers as a success. The difficulty in lithographic printing 

 by machinery had been the heating of the stone, which injured 

 the results. 



Mr. Fisher said this machine would be very valuable for maps, 

 coarse engraving, fashion plates, and many other classes of work. 

 The cost of small steel engravings is not much greater than that 

 of copper-plates; but the durability is very much greater 

 While a copper-plate will not give more than 1,000 good impres- 

 sions, a steel plate will produce 150,000. 



Mr. Tillman. — Lithographic printing can be done just as well 

 upon zinc or even steel as upon stone (although the name implies 

 that it is printing from stone), and then, of course, it would 

 stand in the same light as copper or steel plate. 



Mr. Churchill remarked that recent improvements in the art 

 of multiplying engravings have so much diminished the cost of 

 the plates, that it op^ns a new field for machinery in printing 

 from plates. 



COOKING AND COOKING APPARATUS. 



Mr. Seely. — There are no inferior animals who cook their food, 

 or prepare it in any way. I will not except the bee and the 

 squirrel. Even these only collect their food, they do not subject 

 it to the action of heat or to any chemical agency. I suppose 

 cooking to be a human invention, and probably it was discovered 

 by accident. Even now there are nations which do not practice 

 the art of cooking. Vegetables, in my opinion, are generally 

 spoiled by cooking. "We make stews and preserves of fruit, 



