ilJL BEE-REEPERS' REVIEW. 



69 



tuuuicatiou betweeu the brood-chambers of 

 any number of separate hives, 80 that they 

 all have the same scent, with the surplus 

 apartments in commoL. In the al)Ove in- 

 stance, it appears that the whole apiary was 

 thus federated. 



Vojiel thinks that the experiments of Dr. 

 Miller and Mr. Greiner have not proved 

 that beesmiy tty for forai^o at five days of 

 nae; but that neighborinjj bees may have 

 introduced themselves in the hives under ex- 

 permeut. The editor does tiot agree with 

 him, and cites Djolittle in addition. Vogel 

 has not made the experiment himself. 



Dr. Dabini reports Graveuhorst as saying 

 that a safe method of preventing after- 

 swarms, after the Hrst swarm has been hiv- 

 ed on the old stand, is to remove the old col- 

 ony to a new location and divide it into two 

 equal nuclei, with a queen-cell and separate 

 entrance for each, by using a separate divi- 

 sion-board. This plan has the advantage of 

 furnishing a young queeu later to requeen 

 the old colony with, after doing which the 

 nucleus from which the queen was taken is 

 reunited to its neighbor by removing the 

 division- board, and smoking. Or the two 

 nuclei may be wintered together. 



La Revue Internationale. — Marius Cro- 

 voliu in practising migratory bee-keeping, 

 has found it expedient to arrange the hives 

 in the same order and number of rows in 

 the new locality as in the old. Once when 

 this was neglected, some hives became de- 

 populated and others overcrowded. 



A translation in full of Mr. Aspinwall's 

 article on the degeneration of bees is accom- 

 panied by the following editorial comment: ' 

 " We cannot doubt, after all that we have 

 been informed on the subject by Mr. Dadant, 

 that the common bees in America are infer- 

 ior to those of Europe : but that does not 

 weaken Mr. Aspinwall's theory, nor his just 

 criticisms of certain practices in queen- 

 rearing. .\s for admitting that Italians are 

 less subject to foul brood, that is not possi- 

 ble as far as Europe is concerned: this mal- 

 ady rages in Italy as elsewhere, and we are 

 frequently consulted on its treatment by 

 our correspondents in that country. " He 

 suggests that the degeneration of the Amer- 

 ican black bee may be dne to in-breeding 

 of the few colonies first imported. 



In regard to foul brood, it is worthy of 

 notice that it has been disastrous in Colora- 

 do, though almost all the bees here are Ital- 

 ians. * )n the other hand, it will be remem- 



bered that Mr. Heddon's "My Friend" 

 arrived at conclusions similar to Mr. As- 

 pinwall's. 



Australian Bee Bulletin. — " Mr. Mun- 

 day said there was«nothing to remove from 

 him the belief that paralysis was caused by 

 improper food ; if the diseased bees are shut 

 up for a week thedisease will disappear; why 

 try and cure bees if they can still get at the 

 bad food which causes the disease ? He had 

 paralysis badly at one time; a week's 

 rain came on, after which there was no sign 

 of it — the bees were simply kept from get- 

 ting the improper food through being con- 

 fined by the rain. " — From a convention 

 report. 



MuENCHENEB BiENENZEiTUNG. — A bee- 

 keeper, Kaltner by name, was building a 

 wall about 9 o'clock in the morning. Hear- 

 ing a buzzing in the air, he looked around, 

 " Not far from where he was standing a 

 queen, around which several drones were 

 flying, alit on the wall. He approached, and 

 was able to perceive quite distinctly the fer- 

 tilization of the queen by a drone. The 

 view that the fertilization of the queen only 

 takes place high in the air is thus contra- 

 verted. " Rather peculiar that drones should 

 be flying so early. 



I. Klein disputes the assertions of Dr. 

 Dzierzon and Von Rauschenfels that the 

 throwing out of unsealed worker brood in 

 the fall is due to chilling or other accident- 

 al causes. His observations show that it is 

 a regular occurence, as much so as the 

 destruction of drone brood. He thinks the 

 reason is to be found in cessation of the 

 "Bauttrieb" or breeding impulse, which 

 forms a part of Gerstung's theory, and not 

 to any foresight on the part of the bees. 



The Bee-Keepebs' Record. — Speaking of 

 that everlasting " English sparrow " illus- 

 tration, we should remember that what is 

 true of one species of imported animals 

 need not be true of another, as this (luota- 

 tion shows: " The humble bees have been a 

 great success in Canterbury [New Zealand], 

 and clover seed has been exported to Eng- 

 land the last three or four years. It is esti- 

 mated that the clover seed crop is worth 

 30,000 pounds sterling per annum to this 

 province, and this entirely due to the suc- 

 cessful importation of the humble [bumble] 

 bee. " The English sparrow, by the way, 

 was not imported by the U. S. Goyenrment, 

 as.is generally implied, but by some of the 

 large cities of the East, which did not take 



