THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



181 



stricted to the last two frames in the rear 

 during the flow. Meanwhile the bees raise 

 a yonun ijueen in front, after the fertiliza- 

 tion of which the old queeu may be removed. 



In Carniola one extra train, the "bee 

 train," goes through the laud at buckwheat 

 bloom for the benefit of migratory bee- 

 keepers. 



The ease of makinjj foundation by the 

 melted wax process was well illustrated by 

 an incident nt the Reichenberg convention. 

 While Rietsche's press was exhibited in 

 operation by the inventor, a ten-year-old 

 boy asked permission to try it. His first 

 sheet was a success, and he kept on the 

 whole afternoon, employing scarcely a min- 

 ute for each sheet. It is said that now 150 

 sheets an hour can be turned oat with a lit- 

 tle practice. 



In the great majority of winters Graven- 

 horst found that the direction the hives 

 faced made no difference. In only a few 

 years it was found that those facing south 

 came out much stronger and healthier. 

 This was regularly the case when the weather 

 allowed the sun to warm up the hives to any 

 extent, so as to provoke the bees to flight. 

 About one season in ten was of this descrip- 

 tion, but as such years cannot be foretold, 

 he concludes it is safe to say in general that 

 a southern exposure is better. He found 

 that artificially inciting colonies in the 

 shade to fly injured rather than benefited 

 them. Their flight was incomplete and at- 

 tended with much loss of population. 



A top entrance is best, says he, when the 

 combs are fixed to the top and sides of the 

 hive. There is then no undue escape of 

 heat. But his experience has taught him 

 that in movable comb hives the best position 

 for the entrance is about four inches from 

 the bottom. 



For several years in succession he hived 

 half of hundreds of swarms and nuclei on 

 starters, and the other half on full sheets, 

 and came to the conclusion that those hived 

 on starters averaged considerably better 

 than the others. 



He does not keep his nncapping-knife 

 heated in hot water, and does not use more 

 than one. He finds it sufficient to sharpen 

 the knife before each occasion on which it 

 in nsed. 



lor packing or shipping honey glasses he 

 thinks that corrugated shipping paper can 

 scarcely be improved on. 



RiTHiNiaoHE BiENENZEiTUNG. — Gravenhorst 

 formerly thought that the best position to 

 suspend foundation in the frame was with 

 the angles of the cells directed upwards, not 

 the sides. But lately, after closely observ- 

 ing the matter, he was unable to discover 

 any particular advantage, and thinks that 

 more importance has been attributed to it 

 than is necessary. 



A swarm which has settled on a tree-trnnk 

 or fence-post should be removed by brush- 

 ing with a stiff feather upward, not down- 

 ward, says Herr Jacobs. Otherwise the bees 

 are more apt to become irritated. 



It is important that entrance feeding be 

 begun in the evening, says Herr Liedloft; 

 but once begun, it may be repeated at any 

 time, if the proper appliance is used. 



Dr. Dzierzon says feeding with milk can- 

 not be too highly recommended in regions 

 with a bpring flow. 



I. Flohe calls attention to the point that it 

 may be of some importance to know whether 

 bees build queen-cells over eggs, or only 

 over larvae, so as to take advantage of the 

 highest pitch of the cell-building impulse of 

 a colony by hanging in brood of the proper 

 stage at the proper time. It seems the 

 authorities still differ on this point. 



Editor Goeldi, of the Schweizerische Bien- 

 enzeitung, has concluded from experiments 

 that in regions of abundant flow it is more 

 advantageous to keep a moderate number of 

 colonies and devote more attention to them 

 than a larger number with lesser care, while 

 in regions of scanty flow the reverse is true. 

 For 20 cents a supply firm offers a queen- 

 cage provided with a lens, magnifying the 

 queen to a length of three inches, for the 

 purpose of discovering possible bodily de- 

 fects. 



Fr. Duerr thinks laying of workers is 

 caused by their ovaries receiving an excess 

 of nutriment, which in normal conditions 

 would have been used in the secretion of 

 brood food. 



The researches of Dr. Langer, of Prague, 

 show that bee poison is not an acid, but an 

 alkaloid. Inflammation is not caused di- 

 rectly by the sting, but by impurities 

 brought to the spot by scratching, or by in- 

 fectious germs. The sting is never the 

 cause of a septic Vjlood-poisoning, and is not 

 in itself sufficient to produce sudden death. 

 Dr. Cieselski places the temperature of a 

 bee's body at ^3'>' F. 

 Denver, Colo. May 2, 1897. 



