November, 1916. 



377 



American Hae Journal 



Valley, N. S. Canada thistle is a sur- 

 plus producer in Manitoba and in the 

 dry belt of northern Ontario and else- 

 where, but it is probably unimportant. 



Willows supply pollen and nectar in 

 April. Dandelion is abundant in many 

 places and, if the weather is favorable, 

 yields a surplus to strong colonies. At 

 Ottawa the three strongest colonies in 

 our apiary in the spring of 1914 had 

 filled a super of shallow frames with 

 dandelion honey by June 2. Apple 

 bloom also yields surplus at this time 

 if the weather is favorable in the Anna- 

 polis Valley, N. S., and other fruit 

 growing districts. The two species of 

 low blueberry in the east, I'accinium 

 fennsylvanicum and /'. canadense, and 

 the bearberry, Arctostafhylos uz'a-iirsi, 

 noticed at the Experimental Farm at 

 Invermore, B. C, on May 17, 1915, are 

 also of value in spring. A bungwort, 

 Mertensia paniculata,\%VL^t{w\ for build- 

 ing up in the spring, north and west of 

 Lake Superior. 



None of the eastern speci;s of maple 

 appear to be of first rate importance, 

 but Acer macrophyllum, known as the 

 broad-leaved or' coast maple, is a val- 

 uable aid to breeding on the coast of 

 British Columbia. On May 8, 1915, 200 

 pounds of honey, principally from t as 

 maple, were removed from 11 colonies 

 at the Dominion Experimental Station, 

 Agassiz, B. C. 



Sweet clover, usually the white flow- 

 ered species, Melilotus alba, is becom- 

 ing plentiful in certain places in Que- 

 bec, Ontario, and the prairie and along 

 the railways, but it does not, as a rule, 

 yield heavily. The honey overpowers 

 the delicate flavor of the clover honey, 

 and bees that have been prepared for 

 winter will wear themselves working 

 on the flowers in August and Septem- 

 ber without adequate return. 



Of ornamental trees ;^nd shrubs, two 

 deserve notice. European limes, Tilia 

 europea, planted for shade in the city 

 of Charlottetown, P. E. I., were con- 

 tributing to the filling of supers at our 

 Experimental Farm there on Aug. 3, 

 1914, a month later than they would be 

 in bloom in England, and the Siberian 

 pea tree, Caraffana arborescens, was 

 found to be the chief source of nectar 

 that was gatheredrapidly at the Experi- 

 menial Farm at Indian Head, Sask., on 

 May 31, 1915, where hedges which are 

 now about 20 feet high had been 

 planted around several fields some years 

 ago. 



The following is a list of some of the 

 less important honey plants: Snow- 



rry {SymfJtoricarfos racemosus) west 

 of the Kootenays, B. C. ; milkweed 

 {Asclcf'ias) ; boneset (^F.iipatoritim fcy- 

 foliatiim). New Brunswick to Ontario ; 

 viper's bugloss {/ickium z'ulffaye), On- 

 tario ; buckthorn, sumac, Ontario ; but- 

 ton-bush, S. Ontario ; blackberry, smart- 

 weed, catnip, motherwort, hound's ton- 

 gue (Q'wo^i'ossw^/j), Ontario; blue ver- 

 vain. 



Canada with its long and warm sum- 

 mer days and well-distributed rainfall, 

 and abundant bloom throughout the 

 season, beginning in April when, it 

 may be in heat and brilliant sunshine, 

 the snow rapidly melts away and the 

 willows burst into bloom, and continu- 

 ing until in early September, the east 

 and north are aglow with goldenrod 

 and aster, is a fine country for the bee- 

 keeper. Over a large area the season 

 is as long or longer than in many 

 places to the southward, July being the 

 month for clover yield and August for 

 the fireweed. 



American Foulbrood 



BY T. L. BYER. 



WHILE there is considerable dfffer- 

 ence in opinion as to the best 

 methods of treating European 

 foulbrood, nearly all are quite decided 



that the so-called McEvoy method, or 

 a modification of the same, is the only 

 way of dealing with American foul- 

 brood. In this connection it is only 

 fair, in behalf of the late Mr McEvoy, 

 to state that he always insisted that 

 two shakes instead of one be given. 

 The latter method is more often ad- 

 vised in the United States than the 

 former. I have at different times asked 

 Mr. McEvoy if he did not think it as 

 well to give but the one ^hake and run 

 the risk of a small percentage being 

 found diseased again, but he always 

 emphatically answered "no," as in his 

 experience the percentage that would 

 show up with disease again was too 

 large. This being the case, any one 

 attempting to cure foulbrood, by simply 

 taking away the brood combs and shak- 

 ing the bees on to foundation, should 

 not by any means call it the McEvoy 

 plan, for if Mr. McEvoy were alive he 

 would be the first to resent it. 



The inspectors in Ontario have no 

 license to use the single shaking plan, 

 and I have heard of none advising 

 that method. Even if the experienced 

 beekeeper did practice the plan with 

 success, watching catefullyfor disease 

 to reappear in treated colonies, the fact 

 that inspectors deal with all kinds of 

 people, many of whom would "take a 

 whole hand if you offered them a 



A Well Ventilated Bee-Escape 

 C. D. Cheney 



SWEET PEPPERBUSH (C/^Mro a/w/tf/ia) GROWING IN ALLAN LATHAMS YARD 



