1917 



AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 



205 



a useful purpose; I can start trees in 

 them. Thirty-one of the lot had holes 

 in them which I soldered up and made 

 them useful. My loss was 707 cans — 

 slightly more than 27 percent of the 

 entire lot. The cost of inspecting, 

 sorting and cleaning them was about 

 5 cents a case. Now, how badly was I 

 stung? I never had any complaint re- 

 garding the honey in the cans I did 

 use, but I hate to think of what would 

 have happened to me if I had used 

 them all." 



We did not have as expensive an ex- 

 perience with second-hand cans as Mr- 

 Ross reports, but we once invested $20 

 in 100 cases of two 60pound cans, war- 

 ranted as good as new. Of these we 

 used about 20, with much regret after- 

 wards, and the balance were wasted or 

 used for entirely different purposes 

 Don't buy second-hand cans nor No. 2 

 shipping cases for comb honey. 



A Single Slice o! Bread. — Washing- 

 ton, May 5. — A single slice of bread 

 seems an unimportant thing. Yet one 

 good-sized slice of bread — such as a 

 child likes to cut — weighs an ounce. It 

 contains almost three-fourths of an 

 ounce of flour. 



If every one of the country's 20,000,000 

 homes wastes on the average only one 

 such slice of bread a day, the country 

 is throwing away daily more than 14,- 

 000,000 ounces of flour — more than 

 875,000 pounds, or enough flour for 

 over a million one-pound loaves a day. 

 For a full year at this rate there would 

 be a waste of over 319,000,000 pounds 

 of flour— 1,500,000 barrels of flour- 

 enough to make .365,000,000 loaves. 



Fourteen and nine-tenths bushels of 

 wheat on the average are raised per 

 acre. It would take the grain of some 

 470,000 acres just to provide a single 

 slice of bread to be wasted daily in 

 every home. 



Honey vs. Cane Sugar. — The maga- 

 zine Good Health, published at Battle 

 Creek, Mich., contains in its April num- 

 ber an article on "Sugar as a Human 

 Food," by that authority, John Harvey 

 Kellogg, some parts of which are re- 

 lated to honey and its consumption, so 

 we take the liberty of quoting from it : 



" In the process of digestion the saliva 

 converts starch into malt sugar, while 

 another ferment, ' maltas ;,' converts 

 the malt sugar into dextrose. Cane sugar 

 is not acted upon by the saliva, by the 

 gastric juice, by the pancreatic juice or 

 by the ordinary intestinal juice. But far 

 down in the lower part of the intestine 

 there is produced a small amount of 

 ferment known as ' sucrase,' which con- 

 verts the cane sugar into dextrose and 

 levulose, the same forms of sugar we 

 find in honey. 



"A pound of cane sugar when taken 

 into the body is converted into a pound 

 of honey. But it takes four times as 

 long to digest, absorb and utilize an 

 ounce of cane sugaras itdoes an ounce 

 of malt sugar or an ounce of starch. 

 This is a serious objection to the use 

 of cane sugar, but there is this other 

 and much more serious objection, that 

 cane sugar is an irritant. 



" When we take starchy foods, the 

 saliva begins acting upon the starch as 

 soon as it is taken into the mouth. It 

 rapidly converts it into malt sugar, 

 which is little by little converted into 

 molecules of dextrose and passed on 

 as fast as formed into the small intes- 

 tine. 



"This process is a gradual one. The 

 action of saliva upon starch is very 

 prompt, but the amount produced is 

 very small, and it is absorbed as it is 

 produced. 



"Starch itself is bland. All farina- 

 ceous foods that have been well chewed 

 are much like a poultice in the stom- 

 ach, soft andunirritating, and the sugar 

 that is produced from the starch is car- 

 ried ofif as fast as it is produced. Thus 

 the stomach is not accustomed to the 

 contact of a strong solution of sugar. 



"Cane sugar is the most common of 

 all causes of teeth decay. Yet sugar 

 itself does not attack the teeth. It irri- 

 tates the stomach and causes it to pour 

 out a large amount of acid gastric 

 juice, and that is where the mischief 

 lies. 



"Cane sugar causes decay of teeth, 

 also, in another entirely diflferent way. 

 Teeth require lime, and the amount of 

 lim; required by the body is 15 to 25 

 grains a day. This amount of lime is 

 carried out of the body chiefly through 

 the bowels, although to some extent 

 through the kidneys. We must replace 

 that lime every day. If we do not, the 

 body will be gradually drained of lime. 



" A certain amount of lime is needed 

 for our intellectual processes. There 

 is a little lime in the brain and in most 

 fluids and tissues of the body, but the 

 lime is found chiefly in the bones, while 

 the teeth also contain a considerable 

 proportion of this most important 

 mineral substance. 



"When we do not supply the body 

 with lime the bones are robbed of their 

 store of lime. If, for instance, one is 

 only eating five grains of lime, the 

 body will take 10 to 20 grains out of the 

 bones every single day, and it will take 

 but a few years for a considerable 

 amount of lime to be taken out. It was 

 found by Prof. Virchow that when an 

 animal is deprived of lime it obtains 

 its supply from the least active bones, 

 as the bones of the head and those the 

 least essential to life. It would not do 

 to take the lime out of the arm bones 

 because it would make them flexible, 

 nor to take the lime out of the leg 

 bones, because they would become so 

 limber; so Nature very wisely and 

 sagaciously takes the lime out of the 

 skull bones and the face bones and out 

 of the teeth." 



W. J. Forehand With the passing of 



W. J. Forehand one of the best known 

 queen-breeders of the South has dropped 

 out of the ranks. For more than 25 

 years he was engaged in queen-rearing 

 in Ft. Deposit, Ala. Of late his two 

 sons, N. Forehand and A. I. Forehand 

 were associated with him in the busi- 

 ness under firm name of W. J. Fore- 

 hand & Sons. The boys will continue 

 the business under the same name. 



All his life Mr. Forehand lived in the 

 vicinity of Ft. Deposit, having been 

 born there Aug. 11, 1848, and died Feb. 



ti, 1817. During his early life he was a 

 farmer, and his first interest in bees 

 was as a farm side line. For a time he 

 carried on queen-rearing in connec- 

 tion with his farming, but for nearly a 

 quarter of a century he made beekeep- 



The Late W. J. Forehand, of Alabama 



ing an exclusive business. He bred 3- 

 banded Italian bees exclusively, and 

 was well equipped for his extensive 

 queen business. 



Labor Saving Devices for Hiving. — 



Times demand much less expensive 

 labor-saving methods. The old method 

 of lugging around hives to hive swarms 

 from various sections of the yard was 

 too laborious and caused confusion of 

 many swarms and loss of valuable 

 queens, consequently I have adopted 

 the plan of setting my empty hives 

 where they are to remain permanently. 



I have prepared half-bushel baskets 

 by fastening the handles permanently 

 so they will not swing from side to 

 side, as the handle left to swing would 

 cut oflf and kill many bees. One-half 

 of the top of the basket should be cov- 

 ered with a thin board fastened securely 

 to the top of the basket. Now make a 

 hook of No. 9 galvanized wire and 

 and fasten to the top of the handle. 

 This hook should be large enough to 

 hook over a two to four inch limb. 

 When your swarm commences to 

 alight, a cluster about the size of your 

 hand or less should be shaken into the 

 basket. Then hook it fast to the limb 

 and go to your next swarm, if any, with 

 extra baskets and repeat the process, 

 looking out now and then that all are 

 alighting properly. 



Now when the first swarm has clus- 

 tered in and over the basket, take down 

 and replace with an extra empty basket. 

 Should another swarm be drawn or 

 attracted to this same place they will 

 draw in, especially so when a previous 

 swarm has left its odor, as Ihe peculiar 

 swarm odor tends to draw the follow- 

 ing swarms that come in that imme- 

 diate location. 



Now carry the swarm that is clus- 



