TURNIP FLY. 17 



sustained, so far as I can learn, lias been from weevil, I am afraid 

 not a few are putting down to Haltica that which has been done by 

 Ceutorhynchug contract**.* (G. B.) 



The Turnip Fly is scarcely ever seen in Orkney. (T. M'D.) 



IEELAND. 



The following notes are the only contributions received from 

 Ireland relatively to amount of attack ; the others refer chiefly to 

 methods of cultivation : 



ANTRIM. In the Glenarm district fly is reported to have never 

 proved more disastrous to the Turnip-crop than in the season of 1881, 

 as in some cases the seed had to be resown three times, and there was 

 only an inferior produce after all. The average produce is estimated 

 at one-sixth of what it should have been. (T. B.) 



Eandalstown. In this neighbourhood, near the shore of Lough 

 Neagh, we have usually an abundant supply of moisture, and good 

 crops of Turnips when the land is well farmed. This year several 

 farmers have had to resow owing to the havoc the fly made. (J. M.) 



The preceding pages convey some information as to the extent 

 and amount of Turnip Fly-attack in England and Scotland ; and in 

 the following, under the headings of Cultivation, Seed, &c., the 

 information is given with which I have been favoured regarding 

 methods of treatment that have been found of service in prevention 

 or remedy of attack. It may possibly be objected that there is too 

 much repetition, but by thus reiterating the same advice or the same 

 opinion from many different contributors we obtain a mass of evidence 

 we could get no other way. One by one, from different soils, from 

 different situations of hill or lowland, or circumstances of climate 

 involving differences of temperature and of amount of moisture, we 

 have the opinions in many cases giving the long experience of some 

 of our best agriculturists that the ravages of this destructive pest 

 can be much diminished by measures lying in the ordinary means of 

 cultivation, and that it is to these we must look for all solid hope of 

 prevention. Dressings of the seed may sometimes be of service ; 

 dressings on the plants, rolling, brushing, or other methods of treat- 

 ment, when the fly-attack is present, may also be of service ; in many 

 cases, and especially in garden cultivation, they are shown to be so, 

 but what we have to look to for safety in ordinary years, or help us to 

 carry a fair amount at least of the plants through attack in bad 



* See special account of injury by this insect (forwarded with specimens accom- 

 panying) under head of "Weevil" (C. contractus). 



