36 BULLETIN No. 82. 



poor growing shape, due to the haphazard cutting of trees of different 

 kinds, as needed. To have anything like a fully-stocked woodlot it will 

 be necessary to clean cut a small portion of the present irregular stand 

 each year instead of making selection cuttings where most convenient ; 

 only rapidly deteriorating, dying, and dead trees should be removed in 

 other parts of the woodlot. Much hardwood sprout growth and some 

 seedlings will naturally spring up after clean cutting. It will be best, 

 however, always to supplement the natural reproduction with some 

 sowing or planting of valuable species to fill up gaps and to improve 

 the subsequent quantity and quality production of the woodlot. 



The species to be most favored in establishing new stands especial- 

 ly where any sowing or planting is to be done are chestnut, red oak, 

 (pin oak in moist to wet situations) and tulip poplar. It is also well to 

 have a limited amount of white oak and hickory, because of the fine 

 quality of their wood, but both are too slow growing to be allowed 

 much space in the woodlot. Chestnut and oak reproduction will usual- 

 ly have to be either produced from sprouts, or artificially established, 

 as natural seedling reproduction from these species is very difficult to 

 obtain. Tulip poplar can be relied on for natural seedling reproduc- 

 tion after clean cutting, provided one or more seed -trees are left per 

 acre ; it also reproduces well by sprouts up to its sixtieth year. Hick- 

 ory reproduces itself well by natural seeding, and like tulip poplar 

 sprouts well if cut before its sixtieth year also. 



Dogwood, ironwood, and red maple should be eliminated at the 

 start, as far as possible, or held sufficiently in check so as not to inter- 

 fere with the growth of valuable species, for as undergrowth they do no 

 harm. 



In some cases where there is no woodlot to the farm, it will be a 

 wise policy for the owner to establish one by planting or sowing on a 

 portion of the cleared land. In other cases, where there is a woodlot 

 already, the soil on a certain cleared area may have become worn out, 

 and it may be best to plant it to trees and clear up for farm crops a 

 portion of the woodlot area. Artificially grown stands have certain ad- 

 vantages over those grown by natural means, because the quantity and 

 quality yield of forest produce is higher, since the kind of trees 

 their spacing, and their manner of association can be better regulated, 

 and the conditions necessary for the stand 's best development thus ob- 

 tained. The species to be recommended for planting on cultivated 

 land include those already given chestnut, red and pin oak, and tulip 

 poplar and in addition, hardy catalpa, and black locust. Catalpa 



