24 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 



ments, using an average of only 15.6 horse-power each, but they 

 all contribute to the lumber product. The most effective work 

 is now done, however, by the portable steam saw-mill set up in 

 the woods. The entire lumber product, from logs and bolts, was 

 valued in 1890 at #1,215,524, and the raw material used at these 

 mills at $692,537. Some of this undoubtedly came from other 

 States to the mills along the Delaware. 



The steam railroads and trolley-roads of the State use fully 

 1,250,000 ties annually in new construction and renewals. At 

 50 cents each, this affords a market for $625,000 worth of forest 

 product, but by no means all of these ties come from the forests 

 of this State, many being brought from other States. A growth 

 of oak and chestnut from 35 to 40 years old should produce from 

 250 to 500 ties per acre. Taking 375 ties as the average, there 

 will be a value of $187.50, to which must be added about 15 

 cords of wood, worth $45, or $220.50 per acre in all, for the 

 product delivered to the consumer. From this must be deducted 

 the cost cf cutting, hewing and hauling, together with freight 

 on the cordwood. 



The consumption of telegraph, telephone and trolley-poles 

 within the State may be estimated at 14,000 poles annually, 

 worth from $2 to $10 each, and probably averaging $4, or 

 $56,000 in all, besides a large market in adjacent towns. 



There is also a steady demand for piling about the docks and 

 wharves. The railroad ties, telegraph, telephone and trolley 

 poles and piles are readily marketable, and require no manufac- 

 ture save some little hewing and trimming with the axe in the 

 forest. 



The market afforded within the State for the manufactured 

 forest-product is therefore made up about as follows: 



Value 



Logs and bolts at mill, $692,537 



Railroad ties, 625,000 



Telegraph, telephone and trolley poles and piling, 100,000 

 Fuel for domestic consumption and brick and tile manufac- 

 ture, . . . . 2,400,000 



Fencing, not including sawed lumber 365 ooo 



Total, $4 182,537 



Some of the above comes from other States, as we have 

 remarked, but there are other products, such as charcoal, which 



