REPORT ON FORESTS. 33 



leys of the Highlands which are not too much covered with gla- 

 cial detritus, and the red sandstone plain stand first in order, 

 and the pine region the last. Taken as a whole, the red sand- 

 stone plain will average highest, the clay and marl region next, 

 the Highlands third, and the Pines fourth and lowest in produc- 

 tiveness. Perhaps original forest in the best of the pines pro- 

 duced as much timber per acre as the average original forest in 

 the Highlands, but that timber was of far less valuable kinds. 

 Certainly in average yield per acre to-day the pine forest is far 

 the lowest in the scale, and even if fully protected from fires the 

 upland would not produce as great a volume of wood per acre as 

 the Highlands forest. 



The census of 1890 showed that from 8,355 acres of merchant- 

 able timber cut in 1889 in New Jersey the average yield was 

 4,986 feet, board measure, per acre. The average yield in Penn- 

 sylvania was 10,104 feet, board measure, in New York 5,631 feet, 

 and for the South Atlantic States 5,413 to 8, 714. feet, board 

 measure, per acre. 



Valuation surveys of eleven pieces of heavy original forest 

 scattered all over the red sandstone gave a range of from 5,800 

 up to 38,140 feet, with an average of 18,300 feet, board measure, 

 per acre, while similar surveys of original pine forest at Winslow 

 and New Lisbon, made by Mr. Pinchot in a chapter of this 

 Report, give from 3,369 up to 10,170 feet, with an average of 

 6,631 feet per acre. Perhaps at its best the pine may yield 

 10,000 feet, as against 18,000 feet for the best of the red sand- 

 stone forests. 



It is interesting to note that the great pineries of the Southern 

 States yield an average of 5,000 feet, board measure, and the best 

 white pine forests of Minnesota a like amount. In estimating 

 the above yield of merchantable lumber, only trees above 10 

 inches in diameter are taken. 



Taking all trees above 6 inches in diameter, the original red 

 sandstone forests give from 1,700 up to 12,400 cubic feet per 

 acre, with an average of 5,247 cubic feet per acre, while the 

 original pine forest shows an average volume of 2,300 cubic feet, 

 the best giving about 2,900 cubic feet. 



A very common practice all over the State is to reckon that 

 the forest will produce one cord per acre for each year of its 



i FOR 



