82 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 



Livingston, the timber is mostly oak and hickory, with very 

 little chestnut. There is a good deal of small growth, but there 

 are some trees ranging up to 24 inches in diameter. There is 

 also much red cedar. Around Livingston there has been more 

 clearing-away of forests for cultivation than anywhere else noted. 

 The timber on these ridges, here as elsewhere, continues to be 

 inferior to that in the adjacent valleys. Near Northfield, a piece 

 of timber was noted, about the best of any in the vicinity, rang- 

 ing from 6 to 24 inches in diameter and 30 to 50 feet high. This 

 lot contained 19 acres, and had just been sold, including land and 

 wood, for $600. It was estimated that it would yield 28 cords 

 per acre. Over this part of the mountain the timber ranges all 

 the way from 2 inches up to 18 in diameter and from 10 to 45 

 feet high, with a large proportion of the smaller sizes, but some 

 scattering trees are as much as 24 to 28 inches in diameter, the 

 poorer timber being, generally, toward the top of the mountain 

 and on the eastern slopes, but for two or three miles north of 

 Millburn there is an exception to this rule, as the timber is good, 

 and ranges from 6 to 24 inches in diameter. Around Short Hills 

 and Summit there is a good deal of chestnut again, and not much 

 cedar. Southerly from South Orange turnpike, First mountain 

 and the valley west contain some pine. There is also a little 

 hemlock along the Passaic near Stanley, and again near Milling- 

 ton. There is also a little pine on Long hill near Stanley, and 

 on Second mountain, south of Murray Hill. Continuing south- 

 west from Summit, the best timber continues to be on the west 

 slope of the mountain. The various kinds of oak prevail, with 

 chestnut, hickory and the other usual varieties. For the most 

 part the wood is poor and appears to be stunted, although it is 

 claimed that it can be profitably cut in 20 years, but our exam- 

 ination seemed to indicate that 40 years would be generally 

 necessary, and even then the growth would be much inferior to 

 that of the adjoining valleys. There is much of this timber 

 ranging from 2 to 4 and 6 inches in diameter and 10 to 

 30 feet in height, with a little ranging up as high as 18 

 inches in diameter and 50 feet high. Continuing southwest 

 of the road from Basking Ridge to Bound Brook, the timber 

 becomes still poorer ; the trees appear to be old, but are 

 short and stunted. Continuing on around to Basking Ridge, 



