REPORT ON FORESTS. 97 



local uses. The same conditions obtain near Elmer, Bridgeton 

 and eastward, and especially around Rosenhayn. Wherever 

 there is much clearing most of the older timber has been cut 

 out, leaving brush from two to fifteen feet high. 



From Williamstown to Elmer, however, there is much better 

 timber in the mixed belt, especially to the northeast of a line 

 joining these two places, oak prevails, and there is a fair propor- 

 tion of merchantable timber. About Janvier there is the same 

 severe cutting that has been noted above. 



Southeast of Alloway, in Salem county, and considerably to 

 the westward of the general limit of coniferous forests, there is 

 an isolated tract of timber well mixed with coniferous trees, 

 although oak preponderates. There is a fair proportion of mer- 

 chantable timber here, although it is not so good as the exclu- 

 sively deciduous timber which surrounds it, the latter being 

 scattered over a highly cultivated country, in small groves and 

 hedgerows. 



Generally, in the foregoing description, we have used the term 

 "oak" as synonymous with "deciduous." No real error can 

 result from this, for it is true that oak largely outnumbers all 

 other kinds in the deciduous forest. Chestnut occurs also, how- 

 ever, well scattered throughout, from Asbury Park to Delaware 

 bay. 



A plantation of grafted chestnut trees was observed in Camden 

 county, just south of Point Pleasant and about three miles south- 

 east of Spring Mills. Among the coniferous trees a few scatter- 

 ing white pines were noted between Asbury Park and New 

 Egypt. 



Generally speaking, however, the coniferous trees consisted of 

 white cedar in the swamps and two varieties of pine on the 

 upland ; viz., the common pitch pine (P. rigida] prevailing every- 

 where, and the hemlock pine (P. virginiana) which was first 

 observed, when going southwest along the pine border, at a point 

 east of Pemberton ; also scattering trees were seen about Taber- 

 nacle and Indian Mills. At Cedar Grove, on the Cohansey, this 

 species became more numerous, and between Bridgeton and 

 Millville nearly all of the pines seen were of this kind. 



It will be noted that the map Plate III indicates Maurice 

 river as the western limit of the exclusively coniferous forest in 



7 FOR 



