252 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. OF NEW JERSEY. 



cedar. The holly thrives here, reaching a much larger size 

 than on the mainland, apparently enjoying the moist, salt 

 atmosphere and loose sand. It is a dune-tree par excellence. 

 Its limbs are close and jagged, in striking contrast to the 

 pyramidal, symmetrical holly trees of the inland open field. Its 

 prickly foliage is dense and dark green, and its crown is flat. 

 It produces rich red berries in profusion, and its bole is bright 

 gray in color, rugged and sturdy. It is not uncommon to find 

 two hollies grown together, or the limb of one tree growing 

 into another tree, or a limb bending down and uniting with the 

 trunk, forming what the natives call "jug-handles." Those who 

 are familiar with the region will never forget these groups of 

 hollies, nor the masses of aromatic red cedars with limbs fes- 

 tooned with gray lichens. (See plates XXI, XXII and XXIII.) 



There is but little danger lurking in these sand-hills. They 

 are, in this respect, unlike the dunes of Gascony, which, if 

 robbed of their forests, would bury villages. The Jersey dunes 

 are so wild and picturesque that many prefer to let them have 

 their way ; but the scenes on these beaches, so attractive and 

 peculiar to-day, are destined to lose much of their charm by 

 being transformed into resorts for recreation and pleasure. 



How lacking in shade and attractiveness are our American 

 sea-shore resorts in comparison with those of the Old World ! 

 Look at Arcachon (see plate XXVIII), for instance, with its 

 summer village by the shore and its winter village of beautiful 

 villas in the midst of a magnificent pine forest ; or at the famous 

 Dutch resort, Scheveningen, with its beautifully shaded avenues ; 

 or Domberg (see plate XXV), or anywhere, in fact, in the lee of 

 the dune, which protects the farm-land where the industrious 

 Dutch have beautiful villas in the midst of the woods. Sand- 

 bars and mud-flats should never be despised, and a country close 

 to the sea enjoys many advantages of which its people are not 

 always conscious. 



The utilization* of the forests of America began with the 

 Indian. The Coastal Plain of New Jersey, however, was very 

 sparsely inhabited before Europeans landed. Here and there 

 along the rivers may be seen the vestiges of Indian villages, pot- 



* One often hears and reads the statement that the branch of forestry called " forest utilization " and 

 " lumbering " are synonymous. This is a mistake in that lumbering is no more forestry than the picking 

 of wild fruits is agriculture. 



