3 i8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 



The Danes are great believers in pure stands, and instead of 

 producing 500 spindling oaks on a hectare of land, are content 

 with 200 sturdy, well-crowned specimens, because it pays. 



Great attention is paid to the soil. Their aim is to keep the 

 surface covered with a coating of damp, mellow leaf-mold. 

 They are the friends of the earthworm, and do everything 

 possible to encourage this assiduous little animal, which does 

 good work in keeping the soil loose and mellow.* 



Very careful protective measures are necessary throughout 

 Jutland, because of the winds. Wind-breaks of trees and shrubs, 

 and turfed earthbanks are necessary, otherwise the winds would 

 shift the soil from place to place. 



Metzger describes a beech forest 300 meters from the sea. 

 The outer edge consisted of an impenetrable hedge of clipped 

 beech, ten meters in width. The soil was full of earthworms. 



No peasant rights or onerous servitudes exist in Denmark, 

 The Danish foresters do not combine hunting with their profes- 

 sion. They carry a spade rather than a gun. In short they 

 are the Yankees of Europe, from whom we can learn many 

 things, t 



*The importance of soil aeration is often overlooked by foresters and soil cultivators. When a large 

 forest fauna is present, especially earthworms, the soil is kept mellow and sweet, and hardpan and peat 

 are less apt to form. When there is an abundance of these animals in the soil, it is usually an indication 

 that the soil is in good condition. 



f In the use of scientific names of trees in the above I have been guided by the " Check-list of the 

 Forest Trees of the United States," by George B. Sudworth, Division of Forestry, Dept of Agriculture, 

 Washington, D. C. 



