MANUAL FOR ARMY HORSESHOERS. 63 



a bad break. If the toe lias been broken, the shoe is fitted as just 

 explained, but, of course, there are no nail holes to act as a guide. 

 The toe clip is omitted and side clips are used if necessary. 



The bearing surface of the shoe, upon which rest the wall, the 

 white line, and not more than an eighth of an inch of the sole, must 

 be level, fit exactly to the hoof (without any air space), and extend 

 back even with the bulb of the frog. The part of the upper surface 

 inside of this bearing surface must be concaved (hammered down 

 while the shoe is hot) in order to avoid any possibility of sole pressure 

 wliich would produce lameness. At the heels there should be no 

 conca\4ng, but the sharp inside edge should be slightly rounded. 

 (Par. 89.) 



The width of the heels of all finished shoes must conform to the 

 width of the buttress. In shoeing a foot with a very wide buttress 

 it is often unnecessary to draw the heels at all, but in most cases 

 they must be drawn as explained in the plate shoe. (Par. 12.) 

 Remember that the bearing surface of the shoe must cover the buttress 

 and you then have a guide for the width of the drawn heels. 



In'tlie issue shoe, the outer edge is beveled as far back as the end 

 of the crease, but is square from that point to the end of the heels. 

 In finishing the shoe, bevel the square part also. 



THE CALKED SHOE. 



54. The service shoe, as previously explained, is issued with 

 heels sufficiently long to permit its conversion into a calked shoe. 



To turn in a heel calk. — Heat the heel to a white heat. Remove 

 the shoe from the fire 'with the tongs holding it near the toe; place the 

 shoe at any convenient part of the face of the anvil with the ground 

 surface down, a half to three-quarters of an inch of the heel projecting 

 over the heel of the anvil. Strike on the part of the heel projecting 

 over the edge and turn it at a right angle to the shoe. The height of 

 the heel calk should correspond to that of the toe calk. The calk is 

 squared by working on the face of the anvil; place one side on the 

 face and strike on the upper side. 



To weld on the toe calk.— The issue toe calk has a shai-p nib 

 or point on that surface which is applied to the ground surface of the 

 shoe. Heat the toe of the shoe to a white heat and, placing it on the 

 face of the anvil with the ground surface up, hold the calk \dt\\. the 

 tongs across the toe and far enough back so as to allow for turning 

 the toe clip. Strike a few light blows to drive the nib into the shoe 

 until the calk and shoe are touching. 



