322 MANUAL FOR NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 



4. Do the above with each zone of your mound. 



5. Place these papers in proper order on dowels similarly 

 placed to ones in original mound at, say, 1 inch vertical inter- 

 val apart. A skeleton mound results. 



6. Replace the zones of the clay mound and form the orig- 

 inal clay mound along the side of skeleton mound. 



7. Now force all the paper sheets down the dowels onto the 

 bottom sheet, and we have a map of clay mound with contours. 



Note. — One-inch or 2-inch planks can be made into any de- 

 sired form by the use of dowels and similar procedure fol- 

 lowed. 



People frequently ask, " What should I see when I read a 

 map?" and the answer is given, "The ground as it is." This 

 is not true any more than it is true that the words " The valley 

 of the Meuse," bring to your mind vine-clad hills, a noble river, 

 and green fields where cattle graze. Nor can any picture ever 

 put into your thought what the Grand Canyon really is. 

 What printed word or painted picture can not do, a map will 

 not. A map says to you, " Here stands a hill," " Here is a 

 valley," "This stream runs so," and gives you a good many 

 facts in regard to them. But you do not have to " see " any- 

 thing, any more than you have to visualize Liege in order to 

 learn the facts of its geography. A map sets forth cold facts 

 in an alphabet all its own, but an easy alphabet, and one that 

 tells with a few curving lines more than many thousand words 

 could tell. 



Section 2. Sketching. 



Noncommissioned officers and selected privates should be 

 able to make simple route sketches. This is particularly use- 

 ful in patrolling, as thereby a patrol leader is able to give his 

 commander a good idea of the country his patrol has traversed. 

 Sketches should be made on a certain scale, which should be 

 indicated on the sketch, such as 3 inches on the sketch equals 

 1 mile on the ground. The north should be indicated on the 

 sketch by means of an arrow pointing in that direction. Any 

 piece of paper may be used to make the sketch on. The back 

 of the field-message blank is ruled and prepared for this pur- 

 pose. The abbreviations and conventional signs shown on the 

 following pages should be used in making such simple sketches. 



