MANUAL FOR STABLE SERGEANTS. 81 



horse's nose is then inserted into the top of the sack where it is held 

 from 20 to r^O minutes. Or hot bricks may be placed in a pail and 

 tar or othei medicine poured upon them and the animal allowed to 

 inhale the vapor. Liquids should under no consideration beinjected 

 or poured into the nostrils. 



247. By the skin. — Medicines are applied to the skin for their 

 local action only: (a) To destroy parasites; (6) for their antiseptic 

 action ; (c) for their soothing or stimulating effect; (d) for their blister- 

 ing action. 



248. By the rectum. — Medicines may be given by the rectum 

 when the animal is unable to swallow; also to destroy worms in the 

 rectum, and to cause evacuation of the bowel. For the latter pur- 

 pose warm water is most useful. 



249. By the skin, hypodermically. — Medicines are given under 

 the skin, in concentrated form (alkaloids), when pr()mpt action is 

 desired. Such medicines are to be used only as directed by the 

 veterinarian. _ • _ _ 



250. By injection into a vein. — Medicines are administered 

 into a vein when rapid action is required. This method is used only 

 by veterinarians. 



Weights akd Measures. 



251. Weights. 



60 grains (gr.) 1 dram (5). 



8 drams 1 ounce (o). 



16 ounces 1 pound (lb.). 



252. Liquid measure. 



60 minims (min.) 1 fluid dram (f -S)- 



8 fluid drams 1 fluid ounce (f 5). 



16 fluid ounces 1 pint (Oi). 



32 fluid ounces 1 quart (Oii). 



4 quarts 1 gallon (Ci). 



253. Solutions are liquid preparations containing substances 

 which readily dissolve. 



(a) A saturated solution is made by adding to a liquid all of a 

 drug that the liquid will dissolve. 

 (6) To make- 

 One per cent solution of creolin, add 1 part creolin to 99 parts water. 

 Two per cent solution of creolin, add 2 parts creolin to 98 parts 

 water. 



