168 MANUAL FOR STABLE SERGEANTS. 



Cause. — Not yet identified. 



Symptoms and treatment. — The same as for pneumonia. (See 

 par. 422.) 



During an outbreak of contagious pneumonia in a stable early 

 morning temperatures should be taken daily. Any animal showing 

 increase of temperature should be isolated. 



493. Glanders. — A contagious and infectious disease, which may 

 be transmitted to man. It may be acute or chronic. The external 

 form of the disease is called /arc?/. 



Cause. — The bacillus of glanders. 



494. Acute glanders (fig. 52). — This form is most common in 

 the mule, though it may occur in horses while in transit and in 

 tropical climates. 



Symptoms. — Chill; temperature, 105° to 107°; discharge from the 

 nose, which maybe bloody; pimples and ulcers on the mucous mem- 

 brane of the nostrils, which sometimes perforate the nasal septum; 

 respirations quickened and often difficult; rapid emaciation; and 

 great weakness. Later, diarrhea may occur. The lymph glands of 

 the lower jaw become enlarged and nodules and ulcers may form in 

 the skin. The course of this form is rapid and death takes place in 

 from 3 to 14 days. 



Treatment. — None. (See par. 496.) 



495. Chronic glanders. — This is the form most frequently 

 seen in the horse in temperate climates. 



Symptoms. — The first symptom noticed is usually a discharge 

 from one or both nostrils, which is whitish in color and which may 

 later become tinged with blood. Pimples form on the mucous mem- 

 brane of the nostrils and soon change to ulcers, which are more or less 

 deep and have thickened and ragged edges. These ulcers frequently 

 cause small hemorrhages and the nasal discharge then be(?omes 

 mixed with blood. ^ The submaxillary lymph glands become slightly 

 thickened and sensitive, butlater they become knotUke and pain- less. 

 The animal becomes weak, emaciated, and easily fatigued. Cough and 

 more or less interference with breathing may be noticed. The tem- 

 perature may be slightly elevated and irregular. The progress of the 

 disease is slow and the animal may live for years. In sorne cases 

 prominent symptoms never develop during the life of the animal. 



Treatment. — None. (See par. 496.) 



496. Farcy (skin glanders). — ^This is most commonly seen as a 

 symptom of acute glanders. 



Sympto772s. — Nodules, the size of a jDea to that of a walnut, appear, 

 as a rule, on the shoulders, neck, chest, and limbs. The superficial 



