XV 



to do so on tliG earliest possible occasion ; I particularly admire 

 its rich colour, its larp^e size and clearness, ami the sfcni :is[)(>( t 

 produced by the overhanging' brow. C'aniols arc iniicli lilaincJ 

 for objecting to their packs being ])ut on, but they are as a. rule 

 fully justified in doing so, for the loads arc (as they hav(> almost 

 invariably been found in the past) uncomfoi'table in the extreme, 

 not unfrequently absolutely cruel. 'I'lu^ jX'Ciiliar arrangcincur, 

 of the camel's tcetli makes his bite very fnnnidable, and gives 

 him a specially ferocious expression. IK; alone of ruminants 

 has incisor teeth in the upper jaw, nut in nr.iny other respects 

 he is an aberrant ruminant, many of his anatomical details more 

 resembling those of the horse than of the ox. 



Here I am in a position (through the kindness of Mr. W. Home, 

 of Jodhpore, and Mv. Phipson) to exhibit a most remarkable 

 specimen — a horn ta.ken from the forehead of an Indian camel. 

 This may be a simple keratoid tumour accidentally occurring in 

 this situation, but it gives scope for the general conclusion that 

 the camel may, very occasionally, be found with a horn, indicating 

 his zoological affinities with other ruminants. This will not seem 

 very far-fetched if we remember the undoubted fact that horses 

 occasionally have frontal horns. The shape of skull of both 

 horse and camel is such as would lead the zoologist at once from it 

 to conclude that the animal was hornless. Even in cattle and sheep, 

 when the temporal fossae become very large, the horns are shed 

 by a species of natural amputation. Charles Steel records having 

 observed in Afghanistan that the Bactrian camels sometimes have 

 an extra rudimentary toe, and so are specially sure-footed. 



'i"he hump of the camel resembles that of the ox in structure, 

 but is much less muscular. The one-humped camel has a rudimen- 

 tary second hump, so that this distinction is not so very con- 

 siderable after all. In camels low in condition the hump almost 

 disappears, the animals are described as " living on their humps.'' 



Finally, 1 trust I have succeeded in establishing to the satis- 

 faction of my hearers that the camel has been much and unde- 

 servedly maligned by Europeans, and that the Arab's estimate 

 of him is more just and in accordance with the services he has 

 rendered to mankind in the past and continues to render in the 



