lias been amply proved in several ways. Recently Giles found 

 that in crossing tlie Central Australian desert camels " travelled 

 splendidly'^; Napoleon in his Egyptian Campaign of 1798-9 

 raised a Camel Corps in Egypt which did excellent service against 

 the Arabs ; and (the best proof of the suitability of any animal 

 for army transport purposes) there are numerous parts of the 

 world in which camels supersede all other animals used in ordi- 

 nai*y trade — -such places are unsuitedfor draught work, deficient 

 in water supply, and, as a rule, level and sand}^, but there are 

 varieties of the camel which are used in uplands and even in 

 mountainous countries such as Afghanistan and the Tell in 

 Algeria. Central Asia, the desert of North Africa, Turkish 

 Arabia, Asia Minor, the w^estern parts of China, and Scinde are 

 the centres of distribution of the camel. The Afghan Campaigns 

 have thrown much light on the varieties available for use in 

 operations on the North- Western Frontier of India, some of the 

 conclusions from the observations of different writers may pos- 

 sibly prove useful for reference in future emergencies : — • 



1. Afghan Camels, as obtained from the Kabuli traders of 

 Northern Afghanistan, are small in consequence of the shortness 

 of their stout, large-jointed limbs but remarkably robust — with 

 wide chests, strong loins and quarters, long lleeces almost black, 

 and sleek soft skins. Tliey may be obtained from Ghilzai traders, 

 also from Koochees or pastoral nomads. They are good climbers, 

 stand cold well, hardy, and capable of living on herbage only. 

 They are very tractable being accustomed to travel in flocks and 

 without nose ropes. They are devoid of odour (except the must 

 male), and did excellent service in the Kuram Valley (Oliphaut). 



2. Paliari or Hill Camels have enormous hind extremities and 

 are very hardy. Some of them used in the Kuram \ alley were 

 Jowakis, the property of the Afridis, being big, bulky animals, 

 of a light colour varying from brown to a fawn tint (sometimes 

 almost white). They were taken up among the hills during the 

 hot weather and marched in the cool of the evening or at night 

 (Oliphant) . 



3. The Badrian Camel (with two humps) is seldom seen in 

 India. It is found in Oran (Algeria), Asia Minor, and the Crimea 

 —and can be crossed with either of the one humped varieties, 

 which are correctly speaking Dromedaries. A few Bactrian 



