When 90 made use of tbe Camel will draw a weight of 720 lbs. -and 

 this as au ordiuarj' rule; when harnessed to a properly construct- 

 ed cart a Camel can easily draw from 1800 — 21G0 lbs. weio-ht." 



The camel then is essentially a pack animal, but in emofi,'-(nicit' s 

 of hunger or thirst he has been slaughtered to afTord flesh or fluid 

 for men — in the latter respect hois entirely special, and jirobably 

 there is much exaggeration in the stories we read of Camels 

 slaughtered in the desert saving their owners' lives by the supply 

 of water from the pouches of the stomach. The camel, it may be 

 concluded, is not, like the mule or ox, available for draught as 

 well as pack — he is not, to express the matter roughly, ^^such a 

 good animal all round" for Transport, (h) Nor can he withstand 

 vicissitudes of climates and stress of bad weather, or change of 

 country, so well as most other Transport animals. No doubt this 

 is largely due to a want of pi-ecautious in transferring caiuels 

 from one climate to another and in taking pi'oper care of them, 

 still it cannot be doubted thai the adaptibility of the camel to 

 changes of climate is slight — all our evidence goes to support this 

 view. The Arabs find that much care and experience is neces- 

 sary in camel management '^ after 15th April they are not sent 

 out to feed until the afternoon because it has been remarked that 

 the grass is covered with a sort of dew that lays the foundation 

 of fatal diseases" (Daumas). Also they are prevented eating what 

 remains in the morning of the small quantity of grass given to 

 the horses over-night. Throughout the whole winter, the end of 

 autumn, and the beginning of spring they may be permitted with 

 advantage to browse on shrubs with a salt flavour, but in the 

 beginning of April and at the end of May they must not be allow- 

 ed to do so for more than 5 or 6 days. The Arabs of Tell take 

 their di'omedaries into the interior annually at the approach of the 

 winter months and they annually give them a turn at the Salt 

 Lakes (Letang). The Camels of Turkistan moult in the begin- 

 ning of the spring, hair remaining only on the head, lower part 

 of neck, and thighs ; leathern jhools are then put on them. In 

 summer jhools are found absolutely necessary to protect from gad- 

 flies. The country along the central and lower course of the Sir, 

 and even at the mouth of the Amu, is so infested with these pests 

 that cattle simply cannot exist there in the summer season (Ivos- 

 tenko). In June the camels sweat on the neck and under the 



