cxagg-onitioii in tlio actiuil statomt«ut ol" nuinbers, aud for luiin- 

 teiitional multiplication in quality and quantity hy Uiudtdorcs 

 temporis acti, jieoplo wlu) systematically run down tho ])rcscMit in 

 comparison Avitb tho past. The t\vo-lunn))od or ]5actrian camel 

 is muck less frequent than tho true dromedary or cine-humj)ed 

 species. I'nlgravo, the celebrated traveller, is responsible for 

 introducing serious confusion between the terms dromedary and 

 camel. Ho has tried to restrict the former to the hygeen or 

 running camel, known to us as sowari, and to make it out to bo 

 a distinct breed. This is not correct. The fact of the case is, 

 that wheresoever camels are freely used and bred there arc found 

 well-bred light animals suited for sowari, and heavier, coarser- 

 bred individuals suited for baggage duties. According to the 

 requirements of tho locality the former or the latter predominate. 

 There arc very many local varieties of the camel, but only two 

 species faj the Southern, Arabian, one-humped camel, or true 

 dromedary, and fbj the Northern, Bactrian, two-humped, or 

 " true " camel. Where the two meet is the line of the Euphrates 

 aud Tigris ; a few Bactriaus have passed into Arabia, and I 

 believe tho two-humped camel is the one which has been im- 

 ported into North America by the United States Government. 

 In Northern Persia and Afghan-Turkestan the two species are 

 found, and sometimes they cross and produce a hybrid. It is 

 the one-humped camel which has invaded Australia, that of 

 Bikanir in Rajputana, which shares wath Jessalmir the honour 

 of being the best places in India for camels. Tho Bactrian 

 camel is very tolerant of cold, he works across snow on the 

 Steppes, aud is said to eat snow when he becomes thirsty ; the 

 dromedary is intolerant of cold, but will stand a remarkable 

 amount of heat. JMoisture in the air is probably the condition of 

 climate of which the camel is least tolerant. No animal will 

 travel better over sand, for Avhich the peculiar structure of the 

 foot, the deliberate action, and the length of limb well suit him ; 

 mountainous passes are trying only to plain camels ; even deep 

 rivers with sandy bottoms can be forded by this animal, but a 

 .clay bottom and slippery soil proves very trying to him, 

 especially under a heavy load ; and deep ditches or cracks in the 



