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Well in the course of operations. His means of resisting the 

 infliction of pain consist in biting, lateral movement, and, very 

 occasionally, kicking. The head is held firmly by two or more 

 men, and the attention of the animal diverted by jerking at the 

 nose peg ; it is preferable, however, to tie up the head as 

 the animal is in the couchant position. Much camel surgery 

 may be done while the animal is sitting and retained in that 

 position (for slight and rapid operations) by the camel man stand- 

 ing on the forearm, in other c ises by fastening the fore legs in 

 the bent position, as described for bleeding. The double shackle 

 to the hind legs is necessary in cases of abscesses of the groin 

 and other parts of the hind limbs, otherwise the patient treads 

 impatiently sideways on to the toes of the operator. However, 

 absolutely the most formidable offensive means of the camel is 

 his teeth. The bite of a camel is notoriously severe and liable 

 to be followed by extensive loss of tissue and blood poisoning ; 

 the effects of which the natives compare to leprosy and very 

 much dread. It is, therefore, very carefully guarded against, 

 and when a man has been bitten his wounds should be promptly 

 cleansed from the offensive and irritant secretions of the mouth 

 and, with advantage, thoroughly cauterized. As a rule, however, 

 the latter process is more or less imperfect, for the wounds are 

 jagged and deep. The flicking of the tail bespattering the 

 operator and the freshly cut surfaces with acrid urine is also to 

 be guarded against by tying up that organ or having it firmly 

 held. The operator soon gets used to the grunts, gurglings, and 

 discontented utterings of the camel, which are apt to distract 

 the attention of the inexperienced. As a rule to be constantly 

 enforced we must "never ' lose a chance' ivith a camel/' avoid 

 approaching him except when properly held by the man in charge, 

 and generally he should be made to kneel before our approach ; 

 these, of course, are matters soon learned from experience. 

 In the treatment of external injuries of the camel the greatest 

 difficulties are experienced in keeping the parts clean ; thus band- 

 ages, protective coverings, and boots for foot injuries are found 

 especially necessary. Camphorated oil to protect from flies is of 

 great value ; and experience has proved that it is often absolutely 

 necessary to form an artificial scab over the abraded surface by 

 means of the actual or potential cautery. As a rule error is made 



