47 



uumerous in Juno and July, but at the conimcnccmont of October 

 is obtainable with difficulty. It bites cattle and donkeys without 

 ill effect, men with the result of h ])aiiiful swelling at the scat of 

 attack, and horses and cauiels causing tlio disease known as 

 Khanhog, Doaia, Surra, (in its various stages), and Phipri in 

 camels. KluutJiog is the first stage of the disease; the animal is 

 off feed, sluggish, and his urine is high coloured, if he be treated 

 early he may recover from the disease at this stage. In Doaia, 

 the second stage, the patient swells all over the chest : in the 

 third stage there is dropsy of the abdomen and legs and proo-rcs- 

 sivc ana?mia. Recovery is now almost hopeless, but if it occurs 

 the animal is useless for two years, the urine becomes hio-h 

 coloured during the hot season but is natural during the cold 

 weather. The attack occasional!}^ lasts only a week and seldom 

 exceeds four months in duration. Dr. Evans found that the Snrra 

 parasite lived longer by some hours in the blood of the camel 

 after its removal from the body than in that of the horse. This 

 disease has not yet been recognized among the few camels found 

 in Southern India, but there can be little doubt that it is much 

 more widely spread than has been hitherto supposed and that 

 Evans is right wdien he attributes much of the extraordinary 

 fatality among camels in our Afghan Campaigns to Surra. As 

 we are still quite in the dark concerning the origin of this aifec- 

 tion the views of natives attributing it to the bite of a fly deserve 

 some attention and investigation. It is, in so far as we know, 

 impossible to cure Surra, and considering the number of diseases 

 (anthrax, dropsy, simple fever, &c.), with which it has been con- 

 founded we must accept the opinion of its curability with reserve. 

 Its prevention consists in sound hygiene for camels, care in 

 avoidance of stagnant drinking water, and protection from vicis- 

 situdes and extremes of climate. 



Aai'TiUAX {CliliaJic) is described by Nnnnas destroying in Shah- 

 pur District only hundreds of camels annuully and by Oliphant as 

 '^a very serious malady in the camel which caused immense loss 

 in the space of a few weeks in the Kurani Force spreading* 

 rapidly and running its course in a very short time." The latter 

 oflBcer records that at one station out of 919 camels 419 died in 

 seventeen days (22nd July to 7th August), and the camel colunni 

 of the force was annihilated, 1,400 animals dying in July, 



