48 



August, and September. Recently Burke has studied the dis- 

 ease at Cawnpore in Transport Camels* noting a fatality of 

 about 18°/q of animals grazing together in churraees or jungles 

 and of about 50°/q of cases affected ; this outbreak seemed 

 clearly traceable to contagion but the period of incubation was 

 uncertain, also the duration of persistence of virulence. It was 

 observed that some animals which recovered suffered from a 

 second attack often not many days after the first. Nunn men- 

 tions two forms of anthrax as occurring in the Montgomery 

 District, termed respectively Bil (Dysenteric) and Barr (Apo- 

 plectic) ; Burke divides the disorder into internal and external 

 forms, he finds that the latter often recover. Oliphant " noticed 

 but few cases in which the effusion was in the areolar tissue in 

 immediate contiguity to the skin but found generally tumours of 

 extravasated coagulated blood on the surface of internal organs 

 especially the lungs and spleen. Gilchrist does not record this 

 disease as a distinct pathological state but he probably had seen 

 cases and noted them as zaarbadh, jolay, apoplexy, and so on. 

 It has been supposed that camels do not suffer from anthrax but 

 experience has amply proved the incorrectness of this view ; the 

 characteristic organisms have been seen in the blood, in the 

 tissues of aborted f cetuses, and even in the milk (Burke) . The 

 disease is most frequent during and after the rains — it is protean 

 in its manifestations and not unfrequently has run its course 

 unobserved so that the patient seems to fall dead suddenly or 

 after having been for an hour or so in distress. As a rule the 

 first signs noticed are dark coloured urine, the animal refusing 

 food and drink, and becoming suddenly and rapidly emaciated. 

 The internal temperature will be found high, rumination sus- 

 pended, and the limbs apparently stiff and rigid. In external 

 anthrax the skin becomes affected with boils and eruptions of 

 various kinds which Burke has by observation of Bacilli in them 

 demonstrated as true features of the disease. Diarrhoea and 

 heemorrhagic evacuations, sometimes associated with protrusion 

 of the rectum, occur in some cases and a peculiar putrid and 

 offensive smell of the animals before death with rapid decomposi- 

 tion of the carcase after death (Nunn). The disease under this 

 latter form has possibly been confounded with rinderpest. Burke 

 * Quarterly Journal of Veterinary Science in India, No. 14, Vol. iy., p. 224. 



