52 



Foot and Mouth Disease undoubtedly affects the camel and 

 proves a source of considerable losses especially on service. Gil- 

 clirist seems to have observed it for he speaks, under the heading 

 zillay haaz, of ulceration of the mouth and tongue of an aphthous 

 character; the animal being off its feed and feverish. The vesicles 

 become pustules and then ulcers, and in severe cases the nostrils 

 are invaded by them. The tongue is very white and rough from 

 enlargement of papillae. The treatment adopted was a cathartic 

 internally, camphorated oil and astringents locally. Pringle 

 (Veterinary Journal, September 1880) has given us an interesting 

 account of this disorder as it prevailed in Afghanistan. The 

 sym'ptoms are those of fever, and a tendency to kneel facing the 

 sun was observed. The feet swell all over, not in the cleft only, 

 and are sore, as showed by the animal's gait. On the third day 

 the entire foot is much swollen and seems to sweat, the skin is 

 glistening and its hair on end. The mouth is less affected than 

 the feet, being swollen and red inside, there is profuse salivation. 

 On the fifth day rery small vesicles appear in a circle all round 

 the foot, in the cleft and to three inches above the border of the 

 sole. Then vesicles in the mouth appear, rather like boils ; they 

 burst and leave nasty sores and an acrid discharge. The hair 

 drops off the feet and the skin of the affected part peels off 

 leaving a red coronary band which from a short distance " looks 

 exactly as if small bundles of little red berries had been hung 

 round them. At this stage the animal seems to suffer pain in all 

 his joints.'^ The fever usually subsides in eight or nine days. 

 In bad cases the sole pad sloughs off. Even in health, scars in 

 the mouth from prickly herbs in the food may be seen, these 

 must not be confounded with foot and mouth disease ulcers. 

 Fatality in this disorder occurs from inanition the result of 

 inability to collect green food, from high fever, or from exposure 

 to the sun^s rays. The disease is communicable from and to 

 other transport cattle. 



KiNDERPEST is recorded by Nunn as occuriug among camels in 

 the Punjab. The ordinary dysenteric form is called Zahmat or 

 Zahmat osat in Montgomery District, Mori in Hazara. Animals 

 so affected are not treated, for the disease is considered due to 

 Kismut and, so, allowed to take its course. This disorder corres- 

 ponds to the Murrain in Europe and affects also Indian bullocks 

 and is known as the Burra Azar. Gilchrist gives a good descrip- 



