56 



ing at tlie moutli, wild aspect, terror when approacliecl. On the 

 fonrth day after the bite he became insensible, and then died. 

 The natives treat with opium and jingili oil, but ineffectually. 



Tuberculosis has been described as affecting the camel, espe- 

 cially the pulmonary form of the disorder. 



Rheumatism is almost universally considered of frequent occur- 

 rence in the camel. It is known under various names Ghurrum 

 (Hodgson) , Jakar Jana in Shahpur, Tak or Akra, ''stiff," in 

 Montgomery (Nunn), Aker or Bhai (Leach), Vahee ka durudh 

 (Gilchrist) . This disease especially affects the joints ; it occurs in 

 the cold season when the animals, are not sheltered at nights or 

 are exposed to vicissitudes of climate. Probably it is the disease 

 described by Yaldwin as " cold struck." Errors in diet are 

 considered by the natives a fruitful source of this disorder thus 

 Nunn speaks of the opinion that it results from eating dry talli 

 leaves (Dalbergia) and Leach that it follows feeding entirely on 

 Mulberry or Shisham leaves. It is most frequent in old animals 

 or those out of condition (Grilchrist) . The symptoms are lameness, 

 swelling and pain of the affected joints, generally those of the 

 limbs — difficulty in rising (sometimes necessitating assistance in 

 the act) or lying down, occasionally rolling in pain. Sometimes 

 there is muscular rheumatism, according to Gilchrist, but he 

 does not tell us how to diagnose it. Treatment comprises rest, 

 good feeding, cordials, and laxatives; hand rubbing to the affect- 

 ed parts. In protracted cases the natives fire. They sometimes 

 give the urine of another camel for three or four days or a mix- 

 ture of coarse sugar, ashes of burnt horse skull, and putrid water, 

 than either of which a much more clean and satisfactory alkaline 

 solution might be administered. It is probable that as we learn 

 more about the diseases of camels we shall find rheumatism much 

 less frequent than hitherto supposed. 



Zerbad is a term applied to debility with dropsy, especially 

 when the limbs are the seat of oedema. It is a frequent disorder 

 and well known to all camel men ; probably some forms of it are 

 specific others simple. Hodgson speaks of it under the name 

 Bisova, Nunn considers that the English equivalent of Zerbad is 

 Lymphangitis, Gilchrist mentions that it is sometimes known as 

 Kussooree. There can be no doubt that many cases of anthrax, 

 surra, and pei'haps also purpura have been described under this 



