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lieadiny- as woll a:^ simple lynipliangitis and simple anasarca. 

 Charles Steel remarks that Zerbad was infrequent in his experi- 

 ence during tlie South Afghanistan Campaign (1878) but Olipliant 

 noted it as frequent in the Kurnni Valley. The order of frequency 

 in whicli the several parts of the body are invaded is legs, belly, 

 below chest, neck, head, thus it extends from below upwards. 

 Some fever may be present but the bowels generally remain 

 normal. Gilchrist describes under the name Hooka Zaarbahd 

 extreme and often incurable cases the result of frequent attacks 

 or neglect of the disease; these are always tedious. Zerbad 

 is of frequent occurrence during convalescence from other dis- 

 orders, it is not generally fatal, but seriously reduces the animaFs 

 condition. It is most prevalent in cold weather and. during the 

 rains. Gilchrist advises after bleeding, physicking, and reduc- 

 ing with antimonials and mercurials for a week to give tonic 

 mussauls, in Sooka cases after a pui-gative he gives tonics alter- 

 nated with alteratives. The natives fire (in a most barbarous 

 manner, Xunn), and adopt the judicious treatment of stimulant 

 aromatics from the first with salt. Kalaziri^ Gur, and Ajwain 

 are given in balls " of about the size of a cricket ball rammed 

 down with a stick" (Olipliant). Autopsy shows a sodden, drop- 

 sical condition of the tissues, pale heart, often much gelatinous 

 lymph with serum in the pei'itoneal, pleural, pericardial, and 

 arachnoid sacs. Cysts are generally found in considerable num- 

 bers in the lungs, liver, and spleen and they must be considered, 

 as a very serious factor in production of the debility. Experi- 

 ence shows that these Hydatid Cysts are of very frequent occur- 

 rence in the camel, and one writer of authority has not hesitated 

 to term them '' a very common cause of loss in camels." They 

 are commonly by nonprofessional observers considered to be 

 abscesses and described as such, an error which should be most 

 carefully avoided, as complicating statistics. Abscess does not 

 occur in the lungs, liver, or spleen without inflammation of those 

 oi'gans to a considerable extent but these hydatids (which are 

 the larval form of Ta3nia echinococcus, a tapeworm of the dog) 

 increase in size very gradually and cause only such irritation as 

 suffices to condense the connective tissue in their immediate 

 proximity whereby is formed the white cyst of fibrous substance 

 in which they are contained. This cyst is generally so elastic 

 as to squirt the watery fluid which it contains to a considerable 



