58 



clist:auce "wlien it is punctured and on slitting open the cyst we 

 may give exit to a number of bladder-like masses, the larval 

 tseniBe, or may find the contents, if the cyst be old, gritty and 

 dried up from calcareous degeneration of the larvae — thus gritty 

 nodules are found in the lungs and other viscera which must not 

 be mistaken for tubercular deposits. The cysts vary in size from 

 that of a pea to that of a cricket ball; tliej cause anaemia solely 

 by replacing the useful substance of the organ in which they are 

 situated and so can prove the cause of death only when extremely 

 numerous. Very occasionally, however, they prove fatal when 

 ruptured by falls or other accidents in man and perhaps also do 

 so in the camel. A.11 parts containing these parasites should be 

 destroyed after autopsy by fine. It is probable that the immature 

 Tsenife gain their situations for development into Hydatids by 

 direct Ixjring through the tissues, one of the earlier stages of 

 development being a minute larva with six chitinous or silicious 

 hooks. The only h^ematozoon (if the surra organism be not an 

 animal) hitherto described is Filaria Evansi, discovered by Dr. 

 Evans in blood clots from the camel and described by Dr. Lewis. 



Poisoning may here be noticed. It presents but few special 

 features as concerns camels. We have no evidence that like 

 cattle and horses in India they are apt to be poisoned for the 

 sake of their hides, but this may be so. The men in charge when 

 collecting fodder for their camels are careful to avoid certain 

 plants some of which are unsuited to the time of year while 

 others ai-e known to be poisonous ; Charles Steel remarked the 

 care with which in South Afghanistan the plant called ateri was 

 avoided. Yaldwin has known many hundreds of animals die 

 from eating the Oleander-bush, the Leghumai, and the Gungao 

 in Afghanistan. Outbreaks of communicable disorders, such as 

 Rinderpest, and especially Anthrax, are apt to be mistaken by 

 nonprofessionals, for poisoning, an error to be specially avoided 

 during advance of an expedition into a new country, whether for 

 hostile purposes or exploration, thus jjoisoning is described as 

 frequent at first starting into the Australian desert. 



We must rely on future research to solve the following problems 

 among many others with regard to blood diseases : — 



(a) Does the camel suffer from true glanders and farcy obtain- 

 able from the horse ? 



