59 



[h) Or from Plcnro-puomnonia Contagiosa and Rinderpest 



pathologically identical with those diseases in the ox ? 

 (o) Does the camel recover from Surra and wliat is the natural 



history of this disorder and its spirilloid in canielidfo ? 

 (d) Is Jiheumatism st) frequent in the camel as is generally 



sup]iosed ? 

 fej Is Strangles of the camel the same disease as Strangles of 



the horse? 

 (f) Is Zerhad of camels ever a distinct specific disorder and 



if such be the case how may we distinguish betAveen true 



Zerbad and Anthrax, Surra, and other disorders liable to 



be confounded with it? 



CHAriER v.— THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND ITS 

 DISORDERS. 



The alimentary canal of the camel presents some extremely 

 interesting peculiarities of anatomical conformation. The ar- 

 rangement of the teeth, the peculiar appendage to the soft palate, 

 the water cells of the stomach, also the lengths and capacities 

 of the several parts of the intestines are worthy of note. The 

 teeth are 36 to 38 in number, the anterior ones, incisors and 

 tushes, being essentially cutting and puncturing organs, the 

 posterior or molars being rough on their edges and sharp, having 

 Crusta Petrosa of a black colour and generally five in number 

 on each side of the jaw, the three anterior of each set being more 

 or less rudimentary. The P^lu or Uvula did not fail to attract 

 the attention of the older anatomists and most varied ideas have 

 been expressed as to its physiological value. My researches show 

 that it is a loose sac of highly glandular mucous membrane 

 depending from thq antero-inferior surface of the fixed and 

 pendulous portions of the enormously developed soft palate. 



The stomach presents the ordinary ruminant arrangement in 

 that it consists of more than one compartment, but it is much 

 more simple than that of the ox and sheep. It varies in detail of 

 structure in the Camel, Dromedary, and Llama; but in all consists, 

 in the main, of two compartments more or less subdivided, the 

 first into Rumen and Reticulum, the latter into Abomasum and, 

 sometimes, an extremely rudimentary Omasum. The following 

 summary of the description by the late Professor Garrod from 

 Nature, 3rd June 1875, will be found accurate and interesting :— 



