60 



Ruonen globose : muscular baud from right of cardia runs 

 along ventral surface, and opposite the middle of this a long and 

 narrow aggregation of water-cells starts to run transversely to the 

 left side of the organ. On the right side of this band a much 

 larger collection of deeper cells embraces the right posterior part of 

 the rumen in its crescentic mass. Reticulum in usual position^ 

 deeply honeycombed, with villi and slight muscular walls. Mucous 

 membrane of rumen thin and smooth. The water-cells are formed 

 on a frame-work of many intersecting muscular sheets arranged in 

 layers with intervals of less than an inch between them one-half 

 being at right-angles to the other so as to form rows of quadrila- 

 teral cavities. These are again incompletely divided up by 

 secondary septa; diaphragm -like membranes partly close the 

 orifices of the cells. One muscular fold represents the two of the 

 oesophageal grove. A single cavity follows the Eeticulum and 

 represents the third and fourth compartments (but the •psalterimn 

 is really absent). In the Bactrian Camel there is a small 

 constriction serving to indicate the boundary line of it. 



The measurements made by Colin have shown that the intes- 

 tine of the Camel is about fifteen times the length of the body, 

 that is one-fifth as long again as in the horse and three quarters 

 the relative length of that of the ox. The small intestine is about 

 two-thirds of the intestinal canal (63*37); which is relatively short, 

 for that of the horse, ox, and sheep is about four-fifths. The 

 cascum, too, is (like that of the sheep) small. With regard to the 

 capacity of the alimentary canal and its parts, the total capacity is 

 put at 302^ litres (ox, 356^ litres ; horse 21H litres) . Of this the 

 stomach contents constitutes 810 parts in a thousand, small in- 

 testine 131, c£ecum 11, colon and rectum 48. Thus the stomach 

 is ten times as capacious as that of the horse, the small intestine 

 not half as large, the ceecum about one-fourteenth the size, and 

 the remainder of the large intestine about one-tenth, these pro- 

 portions being relative. Thus, if we may judge from size, diges- 

 tion in the camel as compared with that of the horse must be 

 much more gastric, and, as far as intestinal digestion goes, mainly 

 in the small intestine. As compared with the ox and sheep 

 gastric digestion predominates in the camel by about one-eighth, 

 but this about corresponds to the capacity of the water sacs, 

 which compensates for the extraordinary smallness of the caecum. 



