G6 



is termed by the natives Dust Jvldb or Soolee; dysentery, in which 

 blood is jjresent in the evacuations^ is Penchees. Dysentery may 

 assume a chronic character in old animals and keep them 

 in a weak and emaciated state with unthrifty, hide-bound skin. 

 Treatment ; the routine administration of stimulant mussauls 

 during cold weather is beneficial for the alimentary canal as 

 well as for the skin. On an attack of diarrhoea setting in all 

 grain should be promptly stopped, the bowels clearfed out by 

 doses of ghee, stimulant aromatic substances administered and, 

 if pain is present, doses of opium or bhang. The strength must 

 subsequently be supported with tonics, and the liver occasionally 

 acted on by doses of calomel, for it generally after death is found 

 pale. Rice congee is the best vehicle for medicines in this dis- 

 order but milk of the cow may occasionally be substituted for it 

 with benefit. If acute pain sets in the belly may be fomented or 

 even blistei*ed. 



Having thus reviewed our knowledge of the diseases of the 

 alimentary canal, we must confess its utter insufficiency from a 

 modern pathological point of view, and must see what anatomical 

 and physiological facts have been ascertained concerning the 

 stomach and intestines of the camel with a view to improved 

 pathology in the future. We have described the more striking- 

 features, but must look in the pages of Lombardini's erudite work 

 for details in anatomy and refer to Colin for information (scanty 

 though it be) on physiology. The cloven condition of the upper lip 

 and the communication of its groove by a short canal with each 

 nostril, the enormous size of the upper lip, the length of gape of 

 the mouth, and the pendent lower lip are familiar to all observers. 

 The duct of the parotid passes obliquely over the masseter to 

 pierce the cheek as usual. Miiller and Wede first studied the 

 peculiar structure of the buccal papillae of tylopods ; these organs 

 are remarkable as having the ducts of small glands (salivary) 

 piercing their bases and opening on their surfaces a little below 

 the points, there may be more than one gland to each papilla 

 and several ducts may unite for a common opening : Eichardi 

 avers that he has found fibres of the red muscle of the cheek 

 entering into formation of these papillce. The molar glands pour 

 their secretion through a number of openings against the molars 



