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])rcvi()ns acute disease, altliouf>^li lie has not yet sufficient evidence 

 to settle the point, lie finds tliat alTected animals may froquentlv 

 work until the disease has become much advanced but probably 

 many cases of chronic cough are due to such lung' changes. 

 Ciilchrist considers it may result from neglect in treatment of 

 acute cases. The second form of chronic lung disease is that 

 due to Hydatids, frequently found in this organ, they vary much 

 iu number and size and generally contain opalescent grumous 

 fluid. Occasionally they have calcified, or have lost their watery 

 contents and contain simply the membranous cyst. Piot of 

 Cairo considers them a cause of considerable mortality among 

 Government camels and reckons on an annual death-rate of 30/^ 

 on the Government Domains from this and phthisis. Tubercular 

 Phthisis is the third form of chronic pulmonary disease ; its 

 occurrence is acknowledged by Bennett, Tassy, Vallon, Piot, 

 and other writers, who have found tubercles in the lungs. These 

 chronic disorders are generally quite undiagnosed, but in some 

 cases persistent cough, debility, loss of condition, some deficiency 

 in breathing, indifferent appetite, and pale visible membranes 

 cause us to suspect the state of the animal. The effect of tonics 

 and alteratives may be tried, housing and good diet also may 

 prolong the life of the animal. Gilchrist considers it generally 

 advisable to destroy the patient and suggests that, where this 

 course is not adopted, husks of chenna or coolthee or of ooddodh 

 will be found the best fodder and that ooddodh (urcd) grain 

 should be given instead of gram . 



CHArTEU VIIL— URINARY DISORDEPS. 

 Since the kidneys and urinary passages present nothing special 

 as regards their anatomy, being constructed on the equine type, 

 and as the chemical composition of the urine remains yet to bo 

 investigated, we have but little to say upon the subject of urinary 

 derangements. There can be no doubt as to the occurrence of 

 RETENTION OF URINE giving rise to considerable inconvenience in 

 animals kept too longon the march withoutthc halts uecessaiy for 

 urination at intervals, some camels are known to be liable to this 

 and they arc given a mixture of kattera, 2 chitiiks, witli nitro 



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