104 



and under experienced management they do not occur to any 

 serious degree and native camel drivers take care to at once 

 throw out of work any of their animals showing the slightest 

 signs of gall ; on service the conditions are such as to render 

 the occurrence of galls a certainty^ but it is possible to limit their 

 prevalence and severity, and thus to prevent their being such 

 a serious cause of inefficiency of camels in a force as they have 

 sometimes proved. We may first notice the less serious forms and 

 then come to those of most practical import. The nose becomes 

 lacerated by dragging out of the nose peg, and may be seriously 

 invaded by maggots and look as though " eaten up by worms." 

 Bilawa, Akh leaves, Tara meera tel, and Tootia mixed are 

 applied to sore-nose and cure such cases in a few days if applied 

 twice daily (Byi'ne). 



The tail is liable to injuries of various kinds. Sometimes it 

 has been required that the ears and tail of fallen camels be 

 produced as evidence that the animals are dead and of validity 

 of claim for compensation for loss ; under these circumstances 

 some cases occur in which these organs are removed from the 

 living animal and serviceable animals are subsequently seen devoid 

 of the appendages, lience this form of proof is alluded to here 

 merely for the purpose of pointing out that it is apt to mislead 

 and to give rise to cruelty. 



Ulceeation op the tail has been described as a constitutional 

 disorder under the name of Bumnee (Gilchrist). First papules 

 form, then pustules, and finally large phageda3nic ulcers pro- 

 ducing a specially foetid pus. The organ is lost joint by joint. 

 In some cases the disease is noticed to extend to the skin of 

 tbe croup in the form of a scaly eruption and the animal 

 to become distinctly out of sorts. This condition is curable in 

 some cases by internal use of cathartics and alteratives, and 

 local application of stimulants, especially the camphorated oil. 

 More frequently the ulceration is due to purely local causes, 

 such as the string by which the tail is tied up when the 

 animal is in " musth " being too tight or never loosened, or a 

 string may be tied round the organ to prevent the head rope of 

 the cauiui behind slipping off the tail to Avhich it has been tied 



